Recent Advances in Nanozymes for Enhancing Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250404

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 327-346.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250404

• Review • Previous Articles

Recent Advances in Nanozymes for Enhancing Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress

Run-Xin HOU¹^,², Na YIN¹, Zhi-Yi WU³(), Sheleg-Valery KONSTANTINOVIC⁴, Kravchuk-Marina ANATOLYEVN⁴, Ying-Hui WANG¹

^1.China-Belarus Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Advanced Materials and Manufacturing，Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Changchun 130022，China
^2.Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering，University of Science and Technology of China，Hefei 230026，China
^3.Department of Landscape Architecture，Northeast Forestry University，Harbin 150040，China
^4.Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology，Belarusian National Technical University，Minsk 220070，Belarus

Received:2025-10-23 Accepted:2025-12-11 Published:2026-03-01 Online:2026-03-26
Contact: Zhi-Yi WU
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272169)

Abstract

Abstract:

Currently， the conventional agrochemicals （e.g.， fertilizers， pesticides， and growth regulators） are extensively employed in modern agricultural production systems for mitigating the adverse effects of diverse stressors on agricultural products. However， these agrochemicals remain the limitations， such as the limited function， residue persistence， and environmental contamination， which severely impedes the development of sustainable agricultural. Consequently， there is an urgent need to explore environmentally friendly alternatives for synergistic advancement of agricultural efficiency and ecological security. Nanozymes， characterized by the good stability， facile functional modification， tunable catalytic performance， and favorable biocompatibility， not only show the potential of addressing the issues of conventional agrochemicals， but also exhibit the broad prospects for improving plant growth environments， alleviating stress， enhancing crop stress tolerance， and promoting growth. They represent a kind of potential alternative to traditional agrochemicals. Therefore， this review first summarizes the mechanisms and catalytic properties of nanozymes capable of mimicking the activities of stress-related natural enzymes in plants. Building on this foundation， it comprehensively outlines recent advances in their application for enhancing plant resilience against abiotic stress. To further promote in-depth development in this field， the paper also identifies key challenges and issues in current agri-nanozyme research and proposes constructive perspectives for future research directions.

Key words: Nanozymes, Abiotic stress, Sustainable agricultural development, ROS regulation, Plant stress resistance

CLC Number:

O611

Run-Xin HOU, Na YIN, Zhi-Yi WU, Sheleg-Valery KONSTANTINOVIC, Kravchuk-Marina ANATOLYEVN, Ying-Hui WANG. Recent Advances in Nanozymes for Enhancing Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2026, 43(3): 327-346.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 （A） Schematic illustration of the synergistic mechanism by which CA-CDs restore the vigor of naturally aged Chinese cabbage seeds through modulation of ROS homeostasis；（B） SOD-like activity of CA-CDs；（C） Eleetron paramagnetic resonance signal （EPR） spectra of spin adducts generated from O2·- and DMPO in the absence （control） and presence of 0.5 mg/mL CA-CDs；（D） Effect of CA-CDs on O2·- content in aged Chinese cabbage seeds； Rejuvenation effects： GRmax （E） and GI （F）［32］

Fig.2 （A） Schematic illustration of the synthesis process of MCCP SAzymes［35］；（B） CAT-like catalytic activity of MCCP at different temperatures （ρ（MCCP）=50 μg/mL， c（H2O2）=1 mmol/L， pH=5.0）［35］；（C） Comparison of CAT-like specific activity （U/mg） between MnO2 nanozymes and MCCP at 25 ℃ （c（H2O2）=20 mmol/L， pH=5.0）［35］；（D） Schematic depiction of the heterogeneous distribution and directional movement of Au@Pt nanoparticles on liquid-phase DOPC liposomes［36］；（E） CLSM images of tobacco leaves infiltrated with LipNMDOPC， LipNMDOPC （＞Tc or ＜Tc， and LipNM10%Chol） following wound treatment［36］

Fig.3 （A） Schematic illustration of the synthesis process of Ru-POD nanozymes with different polymer-coated ligands［42］；（B） Adsorption configurations and energy calculations of hydroxyl groups on Ru（100）@PAA and Ru（100）@PSS surfaces［42］；（C） Comparative analysis of specific activity （U/mg） between Ru-POD nanozymes and horseradish peroxidase （HRP）［42］；（D） Schematic representation of the synthesis of crystalline and amorphous RuO2；（E） UV-Vis absorption spectra of TMB and H2O2 catalyzed by RuO2 nanozymes［43］；（F） Comparison of peroxidase-like specific activity （U/mg） between RuO2 nanozymes and HRP［43］；（G） d-Band XPS valence band spectra of crystalline and amorphous RuO2 nanozymes［43］

Fig.4 （A） Schematic illustration of the synthesis of porous pFeSAN with Fe-N3 sites and OXD-like activity using Hb@ZIF-8 as a precursor via a two-step method；（B） Comparative analysis of specific activity （U/mg） between pFeSAN and various OXD-like nanozymes；（C） Steady-state kinetic measurements of pFeSAN and FeSAN with TMB as substrate；（D） Kinetic comparison between pFeSAN and FeSAN［45］

Fig.5 （A） CAT-like enzymatic kinetics of CoFe2O4 nanozyme；（B） ROS accumulation in nodules treated with CoFe2O4 nanozyme at concentrations of 1， 10， 100， 500 and 1000 mg/kg on days 14， 21 and 28 d （DCFH-DA probe）；（C） In situ ROS fluorescence staining in nodules （DCFH-DA probe）（scale bar=500 μm）；（D） In situ DAB staining of H2O2 in root nodules captured via optical microscopy （scale bar=500 μm）；（E） Distribution of dead （red） and live （green） bacteria in root nodules stained with SYTO9/PI；（F） TEM images of rhizobial colonization in nodules；（G） Quantitative analysis of rhizobial colonization based on 100 randomly selected TEM fields［52］

Fig.6 （A） Schematic illustration of the preparation process for LPs@SiCeMn［54］；（B） Redox cycling process （antioxidant mechanism） of LPs@SiCeMn［54］；（C， D） Michaelis-Menten kinetic analysis of LPs@SiCeMn in situ ROS fluorescence staining in nodules （DCFH-DA probe）（scale bar=500 μm）［54］；（E） Tauc plot of LPs@SiCeMn［54］； Nicotiana benthamiana treated with LPs@SiCeMn， its′ photosynthetic rate （Pn）（F）， dry/wet mass （G） and Phenotype images of treated Nicotiana benthamiana （H）［54］；（I） Schematic diagram of Ce-doping effects on MOF structure［55］；（J） TEM schematic illustration of the morphology of Ce-MOF［55］； Michaelis-Menten kinetic analysis of multi-enzyme mimetic activities for Ce-MOF and pristine MOF： POD-like activity （K）， OXD-like activity （L） and LAC-like activity （M）［55］；（N） In vitro antibacterial activity of Ce-MOF at pH 5.5 （left） and 7.4 （right）［55］；（O） Phenotype images of ginseng treated with Ce-MOF （planted in Fusarium solani-infected soil）［55］；（P） Linear relationship between pathogen density in rhizosphere soil and different concentrations of Ce-MOF［55］；（Q） Seedling root length （cm） and survival rate （%） under each treatment［55］

Fig.7 （A） UV-Vis absorption spectra of TMB chromogenic reaction with ZnPB and CDs nanozymes；（B） POD steady-state kinetics of ZnPB and CDs nanozymes at a concentration of 6 μg/mL （substrate： TMB， pH=4.8）；（C） Kinetic parameters of POD-like enzyme activity of ZnPB and CDs （substrate： H2O2）；（D） Final phenotypic images of wheat treated with four nanozyme materials after 7 days of 6% NaCl salinity stress；（E） Final germination status；（F） Phenotypic images of mature wheat at 18 weeks after sowing in saline-alkali soil， with application of Fe NPs， ZnO NPs， CDs NPs， and ZnPB nanozyme fertilizers， respectively；（G） Plant height of the final mature wheat［71］

Fig.8 （A） The scavenging capacity of Mn3O4 nanozymes at different concentrations on ABTS radicals［25］；（B） The scavenging capacity of Mn3O4 at different concentrations on O2·-， ·OH， and H2O2［25］；（C） Phenotypic images showing the effects of Mn3O4 nanozyme fertilizer at different concentrations on the growth and development of Arabidopsis seedlings in MS medium containing 50 μmol/L cadmium （simulated cadmium stress） and 200 mmol/L mannitol （simulated drought stress）［25］；（D） Pot experiments of Arabidopsis treated with Mn3O4 nanozyme fertilizer under different treatment conditions［25］；（E） From left to right： fresh weight， protein content， MDA content， and chlorophyll content of Arabidopsis in the pot experiments［25］；（F） From left to right： Validation experiments of POD-like， SOD-like， and CAT-like activities of Fe-CQD［77］；（G） Phenotypic images of wheat seedlings after root application of Fe-CQD［77］；（H） From left to right： Fresh/dry weight of aerial parts and fresh/dry weight of underground parts of corresponding wheat seedlings［77］；（I） Phenotypic images of wheat grains treated with Fe-CQD and harvested in greenhouse［77］；（J） From left to right： thousand-kernel weight of wheat grains and contents of Cd， Fe and Mn trace elements in wheat grains［77］

Fig.9 （A） Steady-state kinetic analysis of Fe-CDs nanozymes （with TMB and H2O2 as substrates， respectively）；（B） Schematic illustration of the O2·- and ·OH scavenging activities of Fe-CDs nanozymes；（C） DFT calculation models of Fe-CDs nanozymes and CDs， along with their adsorption energies towards H2O2；（D） Morphological images of lettuce leaves following foliar application of Fe-CDs nanozymes at varying concentrations （0， 50， 100 and 300 mg/L）， under both As-stressed and non-stressed conditions；（E） From left to right： arsenic content， MDA content， and average ROS fluorescence intensity in lettuce leaves， obtained using DCFH-DA ROS probe staining［82］

Fig.10 Effects of seed priming with Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 NPs on maize resistance to abiotic stresses （salinity， cold， and drought） during germination： Seedling vigor index （A）， shoot and root length of seedlings（B）［92］；（C） Effects of ION-containing or ION-free nutrient solution on plant H2O2 content and fresh weight after 5-day drought stress［93］；（D） Impact of irrigation with or without ION on plant fresh weight［93］；（E） Phenotypic images of plants after rewatering following 5-day drought stress： control （nutrient solution）， 0.8 mg/mL ION， 2 mg/mL ION［93］

Fig.11 （A） Seed priming with ROS-generating Ag- and Fe-based NPs enhances drought and cold stress tolerance in maize seeds and seedlings；（B） Phenotypic morphology and root microstructural images of rapeseed under different treatment conditions （CK， CDs， and YCDs）；（C） Validation of the CAT-like activity of YCDs through dissolved oxygen experiments；（D） Steady-state kinetic analysis of the CAT-like activity of YCDs （substrate： H2O2）；（E） Phenotypic images of rapeseed plants after seed fortification with YCDs and subsequent 27-day cold stress treatment at 10 ℃；（F） Schematic model illustrating root growth enhancement in rapeseed；（G） Comparative analysis of final fresh weight；（H） Fresh weight growth rates of roots and shoots；（I） Comparative analysis of final dry weight；（J） Dry weight growth rates of roots and shoots［98］

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Recent Advances in Nanozymes for Enhancing Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress

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