Advances in Performance Optimization and Design of Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Reaction Beds

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250389

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 15-30.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250389

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Advances in Performance Optimization and Design of Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Reaction Beds

Chang-Lun LI¹, Li-Di YANG¹, Zhe-Lin YANG¹, Nan DING²(), Jian-Guang YUAN², Dong-Ming YIN², KHARYTONCHYK-Sergei³, Yong CHENG²

^1.（Energy China Renewable Energy of Green Hydrogen and Ammonia （Songyuan） Co. ，Ltd. ，Songyuan 131100，China ）
^2.China-Belarus Belt and Road Joint Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing，Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Changchun 130022，China
^3.Belarusian National Technical University，Minsk 220013，Belarus

Received:2025-10-10 Accepted:2025-11-20 Published:2026-01-01 Online:2026-01-26
Contact: Nan DING
About author:dingnan@ciac.ac.cn
Supported by:
the Advanced Materials-National Science and Technology Major Project(2025ZD0617300);the Scientific and Technological Developing Project of Jilin Province(20230201125GX);the Science and Technology Development Plan of Changchun(2024GD01);the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA0400304)

Abstract

Abstract:

Currently， hydrogen storage technologies primarily include high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage， cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage， and solid-state hydrogen storage. Compared to solid coal or liquid petroleum， gaseous hydrogen faces numerous challenges during storage and transportation， particularly its low volumetric energy density， which severely restricts the application of hydrogen. Utilizing metal hydrides to solidify hydrogen into a solid hydride form can effectively address issues such as efficiency and safety in hydrogen storage and transportation. Although solid-state alloy hydrogen storage technology has already been applied in fields such as hydrogen storage， there are still many areas requiring further development. The hydrogen absorption and desorption processes in metal hydrides involve momentum， mass， and heat transfer， constituting a complex multiphysics-coupled transport process. This technology relies not only on the excellent performance of the hydrogen storage materials themselves but also largely depends on the design of the reaction bed structure. As the core site where hydrogen storage materials undergo hydrogen absorption and desorption， the reaction bed directly influences the practical hydrogen storage performance of the materials， playing an irreplaceable role in ensuring the full utilization of the material properties. This article reviews recent research on hydrogen storage alloy reaction beds from the perspectives of heat and mass transfer mechanisms， methods for enhancing heat and mass transfer， and structural optimization. The related research results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the practical application and promotion of hydrogen storage materials， contributing significantly to promoting the sustainable development of the hydrogen energy industry chain.

Key words: Hydrogen storage material, Bed design, Thermal conductivity performance, Hydrogen molecule diffusion, Multi-scale simulation

CLC Number:

O614

Chang-Lun LI, Li-Di YANG, Zhe-Lin YANG, Nan DING, Jian-Guang YUAN, Dong-Ming YIN, KHARYTONCHYK-Sergei, Yong CHENG. Advances in Performance Optimization and Design of Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Reaction Beds[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2026, 43(1): 15-30.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 （A） Open-cell aluminum foams；（B， C） Typical pore structure of open-cell metal foam；（D） Ligament cross sections， taken from；（E） Effect of pore size on hydrogen storage capacity［33］

Fig.2 （A） A top view of a PMH reactor；（B） Schematic view of the metal hydride reactor module-3 reactors in parallel；（C） Thermodynamic efficiency variations［38］

Fig.3 （A） Schematic of recompressed expanded graphite technique （REGT） and （B） SEM photograph of the expanded graphite［44］

Fig.4 The result of the effective thermal conductivity enhanced by SWCNT［47］

Fig.5 Schematics of two configurations of MH-TCM storage system：（A） Top view of the TCM surrounding layout；（B） Top view of the MH-TCM sandwich system；（C） Axial view of the TCM surrounding layout；（D） Axial view of the MH-TCM sandwich system［56］

Fig.6 Classification of heat fins［62］

Fig.7 The combination scheme of conical fins and the number of fins with the number of cooling tubes［67］

Fig.8 （A） TB and （B） ECT layout［76］

Fig.9 Photograph of （A） U-tube heat exchanger assembly with copper flakes and （B） assembly of the storage device［78］

Fig.10 Soldered plate reactor：（A） Converted state with connections and insulation；（B） Unfilled cross-sectional view［85］

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Advances in Performance Optimization and Design of Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Reaction Beds

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