Research Progress in Preparation Strategy of Covalent Organic Frameworks and Its Application in Tumor Therapy

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230092

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 976-994.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230092

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Research Progress in Preparation Strategy of Covalent Organic Frameworks and Its Application in Tumor Therapy

Chao-Yu WANG¹, Lu ZHAO¹, Ke-Wei WANG¹, Yun-Feng BAI¹(), Feng FENG¹^,²()

^1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing，Shanxi Datong University，Datong 037009，China
^2.Department of Energy Chemistry and Materials Engineering，Shanxi Institute of Energy，Taiyuan 030600，China

Received:2023-04-06 Accepted:2023-06-24 Published:2023-07-01 Online:2023-07-19
Contact: Yun-Feng BAI,Feng FENG
About author:feng-feng64@263.net
baiyunfeng1130@126.com；
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975146);Cultivate Scientific Research Excellence Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(2020KJ023);Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2020-133);Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(2021L368);Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202303021211324);Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Province(20230036);Technology Innovation Project of Shanxi Datong University(22CX22)

Abstract

Abstract:

Nanomedicine requires the preparation of drug （gene） delivery vehicles with multiple response functions or targeting ability， for which new nanomaterials are constantly introduced. As an emerging class of crystalline porous materials， covalent organic frameworks （COFs） have the characteristics of high crystallinity， tunable pore size and easy modification of surface structure. The frame structure is completely determined by the building blocks and linkages， and the frame with the expected structure can be designed by reticular chemistry. The exposed active end groups on the surface of the structure could be functionalized through post-synthesis modification strategies， which expands the applicability of COFs in nanomedicine. This review briefly discusses the preparation strategies of COFs from the perspective of different linkages， and reviews the applications of COFs as antitumor agents and delivery vehicles in oncology medicine in detail. Finally， the existing problems of COFs in the field of tumor treatment and their future development directions are summarized and discussed.

Key words: Covalent organic frameworks, Building strategy, Building blocks, Linkages, Tumor treatment

CLC Number:

O621

Chao-Yu WANG, Lu ZHAO, Ke-Wei WANG, Yun-Feng BAI, Feng FENG. Research Progress in Preparation Strategy of Covalent Organic Frameworks and Its Application in Tumor Therapy[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2023, 40(7): 976-994.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Commonly used molecular building blocks for the synthesis of COFs

Fig.2 Schematic of representative —B—O— linkage for COFs constructions

Fig.3 Schematic representation of the synthesis of COF-1［24］（a）； CTF-1［33］（b）； COF-300［48］（c）； TpPa-1 and TpPa-2［50］（d）

Fig.4 Schematic of representative —C—N— linkage for COFs constructions

Fig.5 Schematic representation of the synthesis of Py-Azine COF［60］（a）； PI-COF-1［61］（b）

Fig.6 Schematic of representative —C—C— linkage for COFs constructions

Fig.7 Schematic of representative （a） —C—O—［71］ and （b） —B—N—［72］ linkages for COFs constructions

Fig.8 （a） Schematic illustration for the construction of CONDs and main mechanism of PDT［82］；（b） Schematic illustration for the construction of Py-BPy+?-COF and main mechanism of PTT［87］；（c） Schematic illustration for PgP@Fe-COF NPs enhances the SDT mechanism of action［88］；（d） Schematic illustration for the construction of PEG-CCM@APTES-COF-1 and main mechanism of CT［89］

Table 1 Applications of COFs in drug deliver

COFs	Linkage	Drug molecules	Drug loading rate	Drug release ability	Response	Cell line	Ref.
APTES-COF-1	Boroxine	DOX	9.7%	—	—	Hela	89
TpASH	β-Ketoenamine	5-FU	12%	74% drug release after 72 h	pH	MDA-MB-231	99
TAPB-DMTP-COF	Imine	DOX	32.1%	40% release within 2 h， complete release after 24 h	pH	L929	102
F68@SS-COFs	Imine	DOX	21%	94% drug release after 24 h	GSH	HepG2	103
Fe₃O₄@COF	Imine	DOX	0.5 mg/mg	—	—	HeLa	104
COF-HQ	Imine	5-FU	—	61.6% drug release after 48 h	pH	B16F10	105
TTI-COF	Imine	Quercetin	—	—	—	MDA-MB-231	106
TA-COF	Imine	TPZ	17.8%	—	Azo reductase	4T1	107
DT-COF	Imine	CBP	31.32%	—	pH	—	108
PI-2-COF，PI-3-COF	Imide	IBU，5-FU，Captopril	30%	85% drug release for 5-FU	pH	MCF-7	109
PI-COF-4	Imide	IBU	24％	95% drug release	pH	—	111
PI-COF-5	Imide	IBU	20％	95% drug release	pH	—	111
TTI-COF film	Imine	DOX	—	—	pH	—	112
TPA-TMB-COF	Imine	DOX	35%	85% drug release after 72 h	pH	A549	113
HFPB-TAPA	Imine	IBU	14.0%	99% drug release after 5 d	pH	H9C2	114
TAPB-DMTA-COF	Imine	CUR	27.68%	74.6% drug release after 100 h	pH	L929	115
COF_TTA-DHTA	Imine	PFD	—	74% drug release after 72 h	pH	CT26	116
TP-Por COF	Imine	CAD	EE%=67%	48.2% drug release after 24 h	pH	4T1	117

Fig.9 （a） Schematic illustration for the construction of PcS@COF-1 and main mechanism of enhanced PDT［119］?；（b） Schematic illustration for the construction of COF@IR783 and main mechanism of PTT［117］?；（c） Schematic illustration for the construction of COF-TiO2 and main mechanism of SDT［122］

Fig.10 （a） Schematic illustration for the construction of VONc@COF-Por and main mechanism of PDT/PTT combination therapy［124］?；（b） Schematic illustration for the construction of TA-COF-P@CT and main mechanism of PDT/CT combination therapy［107］?；（c） Schematic illustration for the construction of GA@PCOF@PDA and main mechanism of PTT/PDT/CT combination therapy?［128］?；（d） Schematic illustration for the construction of CuS@COFs-BSA-FA/DOX and main mechanism of CT/PTT/CDT combination therapy［129］

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Research Progress in Preparation Strategy of Covalent Organic Frameworks and Its Application in Tumor Therapy

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