Effect of Flux and Host Modification on the Properties of Y3Al5O12∶Dy3+ for Optical Thermometry

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250388

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 347-359.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250388

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Effect of Flux and Host Modification on the Properties of Y₃Al₅O₁₂∶Dy³⁺ for Optical Thermometry

Ze-Zhi CHEN¹^,²^,³, Yi-Xuan GUO¹^,²^,³, Hui-Min LI¹^,³, Ran PANG¹^,³, Da LI¹^,³, Li-Hong JIANG¹^,³, Аliaksandr MALIAREVICH³^,⁴, Su ZHANG¹^,²^,³()

^1.Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization，Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Changchun 130022，China
^2.School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering，University of Science and Technology of China，Hefei 230026，China
^3.China-Belarus Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Advanced Materials and Manufacturing，Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Changchun 130022，China
^4.Center for Optical Materials and Technologies，Belarusian National Technical University，Minsk 220013，Belarus

Received:2025-10-10 Accepted:2026-01-08 Published:2026-03-01 Online:2026-03-26
Contact: Su ZHANG
About author:zhangsu@ciac.ac.cn
Supported by:
Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project(20230101051JC);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22373098)

Abstract

Abstract:

Herein， Y₃Al₅O₁₂∶Dy³⁺ was synthesized by high-temperature solid-state method after adding different fluxes （such as H₃BO₃， fluoride， chloride， carbonate， etc.） and adjusting matrix ions （partial substitution of Y³⁺ or Al³⁺ with Lu³⁺， Ca²⁺， Zr⁴⁺， Si⁴⁺， etc.）. The structure， morphology， photoluminescence properties and temperature measurement properties of the synthesized phosphors were systematically investigated. In terms of flux optimization， the addition of 2% （mass percent） H₃BO₃ was observed to enhance the crystallinity and improve the luminescent intensity of the phosphors. Regarding host ion regulation， among all modified samples， Lu₂Y_0.96Al₅O₁₂∶0.04Dy³⁺， where Y³⁺ was partially substituted with Lu³⁺， exhibited the strongest luminescence. Under 353 nm ultraviolet excitation， as the temperature increased from 298 K to 1073 K， the intensity of the 483 nm emission peak （⁴F_9/2→⁶H_15/2） decreased while that of the 456 nm peak （⁴I_15/2→⁶H_15/2） increased. Utilizing the fluorescence intensity ratio （FIR） of these two thermally coupled energy level transitions enabled optical temperature measurement over a wide temperature range. Specifically， the maximum relative sensitivities of Y₃Al₅O₁₂∶Dy³⁺ phosphor with 2% H₃BO₃ added and Lu₂Y_0.96Al₅O₁₂∶0.04Dy³⁺ phosphor with matrix ion substitution reached 0.7317%/K （at 378 K） and 0.7483%/K （at 398 K）， respectively， and their maximum absolute sensitivities were 0.00086 K^-1 （at 918 K） and 0.00085 K^-1 （at 958 K）， respectively. Due to the influence of temperature change， the electrons on the thermal coupling energy level are redistributed， and the emission lifetime of Lu₂Y_0.96Al₅O₁₂∶0.04Dy³⁺ phosphor at 483 nm is shortened from 0.405 ms at 298 K to 0.314 ms at 1073 K. These results provide experimental basis and optimization strategies for the design and improvement of high-sensitivity optical temperature sensors with wide temperature ranges.

Key words: Y₃Al₅O₁₂： Dy³⁺, Flux, Matrix modification, Optical temperature measurement, Fluorescence lifetime

CLC Number:

O611.6

Ze-Zhi CHEN, Yi-Xuan GUO, Hui-Min LI, Ran PANG, Da LI, Li-Hong JIANG, Аliaksandr MALIAREVICH, Su ZHANG. Effect of Flux and Host Modification on the Properties of Y₃Al₅O₁₂∶Dy³⁺ for Optical Thermometry[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2026, 43(3): 347-359.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 （A） XRD patterns of YAG∶xDy3+ （x=0.01， 0.02， 0.04， 0.06， 0.08， 0.10） samples；（B） Rietveld-refined XRD pattern of YAG∶Dy3+ phosphors （the inset shows the crystal structure of YAG∶Dy3+， where the yellow， purple， and blue spheres represent Al， Y， and O atoms， respectively）

Table 1 Rietveld refinement data of YAG∶Dy3+ phosphor

Data	YAG∶Dy³⁺
Chemical formula	Y₃Al₅O₁₂∶0.04Dy³⁺
Crystal system	cubic
Space group	Ia3d
α， β， γ/（°）	α=β=γ=90
a/nm	1.200 626
b/nm	1.200 626
c/nm	1.200 626
V/nm³	1.730 705
R_wp/%	4.33
R_p/%	3.19
χ²	1.35

Fig.2 （A， B） SEM images of YAG∶Dy3+； Al （C）， Y （D）， O （E） and Dy （F） mapping images of YAG∶Dy3+

Fig.3 （A） PLE and PL spectra and （B） CIE chromaticity diagram of YAG∶Dy3+

Fig.4 Emission spectra of YAG∶xDy3+ （x=0.01， 0.02， 0.04， 0.06， 0.08， 0.10） phosphors

Fig.5 （A） Temperature-dependent PL spectra of YAG∶Dy3+ phosphors；（B） Intensity changes of the emission peaks of YAG∶Dy3+ phosphors at 456 and 483 nm in the temperature range of 298~1073 K；（C） Schematic diagram of the luminescence energy levels of Dy3+ ions；（D） Schematic diagram of the configurational coordinate of Dy3+

Fig.6 SEM images of YAG∶Dy3+ synthesized with different fluxes

Fig.7 （A） PL spectra of YAG∶Dy3+ with different fluxes doped；（B） XRD patterns of YAG∶Dy3+，xH3BO3（x=0%， 1%， 2%， 3%， 4%） phosphors

Fig.8 （A） PL spectra of YAG∶Dy3+ phosphors after matrix modification；（B） Temperature-dependent luminescence curves of Lu2Y0.96Al5O12∶0.04Dy3+ phosphors in the temperature range of 298~1073 K

Fig.9 （A，B） FIR fitting curves of YAG∶Dy3+（H3BO3） phosphors and their corresponding thermometric absolute sensitivity （Sa） and relative sensitivity （Sr） values；（C，D） FIR fitting curves of Lu2Y0.96Al5O12∶0.04Dy3+ phosphors and their Sa and Sr

Table 2 Sensitivity and temperature measurement range of different materials

Materials	Temperature range/K	S_r-max/（%·K^-1）	Ref.
YAG∶Dy³⁺（H₃BO₃）	298~1 073	0.731 7	This work
Lu₂Y_0.96Al₅O₁₂∶0.04Dy³⁺	298~1 073	0.748 3	This work
YAG∶Dy³⁺	293~1 700	0.73	［46］
SrLaGaO₄∶Eu³⁺/Dy³⁺	298~423	0.61	［47］
MgAl₂O₄∶Dy³⁺/Eu³⁺	303~420	0.24	［48］
Sr₃Ga₂Ge₄O₁₄∶Dy³⁺	298~473	0.61	［49］

Fig.10 Fluorescence decay curves at 483 nm for Lu2Y0.96Al5O12∶0.04Dy3+ phosphors at temperatures of （A） 298 K and （B） 1073 K

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Effect of Flux and Host Modification on the Properties of Y₃Al₅O₁₂∶Dy³⁺ for Optical Thermometry

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