Construction of Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensor and Its Application in Uric Acid Detection for Athletes

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250176

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 1257-1264.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250176

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Construction of Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensor and Its Application in Uric Acid Detection for Athletes

Jin CAO¹(), Bo-Tian CHEN²

^1.Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College，Zhangzhou 363123，China
^2.College of Chemistry，Xiamen University，Xiamen 361005，China

Received:2025-04-24 Accepted:2025-08-06 Published:2025-09-01 Online:2025-09-28
Contact: Jin CAO
About author:keijl8@sina.com

Abstract

Abstract:

Using seaweed as the precursor and iron salt as the graphitization catalyst， iron-doped carbon nanosheets （Fe-BC） were prepared via pyrolysis and modified onto a screen-printed electrode （SPE） to construct a novel non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor， Fe-BC/SPE， for the detection of uric acid （UA） in athletes. In this sensor， Fe-BC nanosheets serve as the active layer modified onto the surface of a flexible SPE， catalyzing the decomposition of UA without the need for additional enzyme modification. This paper utilizes differential pulse voltammetry （DPV） and cyclic voltammetry （CV） for the electrochemical characterization and performance testing of the electrochemical sensor Fe-BC/SPE. The research results indicate that the sensor exhibits a linear detection range of 0.5~6.73 μmol/L and a sensitivity of 0.1342 μA/（μmol·cm²）. Fe-BC nanosheets demonstrate good catalytic activity towards UA， and the constructed novel electrochemical sensor can achieve rapid and highly sensitive detection of UA in athletes.

Key words: Biomass carbon, Electrochemical sensors, Uric acid, High sensitivity detection

CLC Number:

O657

Jin CAO, Bo-Tian CHEN. Construction of Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensor and Its Application in Uric Acid Detection for Athletes[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2025, 42(9): 1257-1264.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 SEM image of （A） algal biochar and （B） iron-doped algal biochar （Fe-BC）

Fig.2 DPV curve overlay of UA sensor with 5×10-4 mol/L UA added to 0.01 mol/L PBS at different pH levels （pH=4.0~7.0）

Fig.3 （A） DPV curves of Nafion/Fe-BC/SPE in PBS without UA and 5.0×10-4 mol/L UA；（B） Stacked DPV curves of UA on electrodes modified with different materials

Fig. 4 CV plots of Nafion/Fe-BC/SPE at different scan rates in 0.01 mol PBS buffer （pH=7.0， containing 5.0×10-4 mol/L UA）

Table 1 Data fitting results

v/（mV·s^-1）	I_p/μA	lg v	lg I_p
10	8.2	1.30	0.91
20	12.5	1.70	1.10
50	17.3	2.00	1.24
100	24.1	2.30	1.38
200	37.6	2.70	1.58

Fig.5 DPV curves of Nafion/Fe-BC/SPE for detecting different concentrations of UA （2.0×10-5~2.0×10-3 mol/L）

Fig.6 Linear relationship between DPV peak current and UA concentration

Table 2 Comparison of analytical performance of UA detection by different electrochemical sensors

Sensing material	Performance analysis		Detection platform		Ref.
Sensing material	10⁶ Linear range/（mol·L^-1）	10⁶ Detection limit/（mol·L^-1）	Electrode	Non enzymatic type	Ref.
Nafion/Fe-BC/SPE	0.5~6.73	6.67	SPE	Yes	This work
Uricase/CeO_2-y/C/rGO/GCE	49.8~1 050.0	2.0	GCE	No	［13］
Uricase/Ni microdiscs/NiO/ITO	50~1 000	30.0	ITO/glass	No	［14］
Nanoporous RuO₂/Au	20~1 000	9.6	Au	Yes	［15］
Nafion/Uricase/NiO/Ni	1~900	1.0	Ni wire	No	［16］

Fig.7 Comparison of CV curves of 5.0×10-4 mol/L UA and UA+AA+DA

Table 3 Uric acid detection results in actual serum samples （n=3）

Sample	Sensor detection value/（μmol·L^-1）	Test kit detection value/（μmol·L^-1）	Relative error/%
S1	325.6±4.2	318.4±3.8	2.26
S2	358.2±5.1	365.7±4.5	2.05
S3	297.8±3.5	302.1±3.2	1.42

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Construction of Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensor and Its Application in Uric Acid Detection for Athletes

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