Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 562-570.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220338

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Analysis of Egg Whites from Burial Murals by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Jin-Li ZHAO1,2, Zong-Ren YU1,2, Bo-Min SU1,2()   

  1. 1.National Research Center for the Conservation of Ancient Murals and Earthen Sites,Dunhuang 736200,China
    2.Gansu Provincial Dunhuang Cultural Relics Protection and Research Center,Dunhuang 736200,China
  • Received:2022-10-17 Accepted:2023-02-20 Published:2023-04-01 Online:2023-04-17
  • Contact: Bo-Min SU
  • About author:suboming@hotmail.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20282);the National Key Research and Development Program(2019YFC1520700);the Cultural Talents and “Four Batches” of Talents by the Ministry of Propaganda (2020), the Local Project Guided by the Central Government of Gansu Province (2021) and Gansu Science and Technology Program-Youth Fund(21JR7RA758)

Abstract:

The mural paintings of the Second Tomb of the Southern Tang Dynasty in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, which is the largest in scale during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in southern China, are selected as the objects of study, on the basis of optimization of the test conditions of the egg white standard samples by using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analysis technique. Eight inorganic mineral pigments such as calcite, lead tetroxide, ochre, cinnabar, azurite, mineral green, orpiment and realgar on the cleavage products are evaluated for the first time and a method is established for the identification of egg whites in the tomb murals. The Py-GC/MS analytical method is developed for the identification of egg whites in tomb murals. The results of the analysis of the artifact samples show that egg whites are added to the mural ground battles, mortars and pigments as cementing materials, and the results of the Py-GC/MS analysis are verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), further demonstrating that Py-GC/MS is a reliable analytical method for egg white composition in tomb murals. This study provides a methodological reference for the study of organic binding media in tomb murals.

Key words: Tomb murals, Egg white, Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Inorganic pigment, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

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