Research Progress on Reactive Silicone Flame Retardants

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210009

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (12): 1556-1575.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210009

• Review • Previous Articles Next Articles

Research Progress on Reactive Silicone Flame Retardants

ZHOU Bo-Long, ZHANG Ming-Cong, SHI Ling^*

(College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China)

Received:2021-01-07 Revised:2021-04-29 Published:2021-12-01 Online:2022-02-01

Abstract

Abstract: Reactive organosilicon is an excellent flame retardant which does not generate harmful substances during combustion. The presence of reactive groups can reduce the adverse effects on the matrix. The progress on silicone, silicon-phosphorus and silicon-phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants in recent years is discussed. The flame-retardant systems of silicon-phosphorus and silicon-phosphorus-nitrogen are mainly summarized. Finally, the existing problems in the development of flame retardants are pointed out and the future development is prospected.

Key words: Reactive flame retardant, Synergistic flame retardant, Silicone, silicon-phosphorus, Silicon-phosphorus-nitroge

CLC Number:

O631.3

ZHOU Bo-Long, ZHANG Ming-Cong, SHI Ling. Research Progress on Reactive Silicone Flame Retardants[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2021, 38(12): 1556-1575.

References

[1] TROITZSCH J. International plastics flammability handbook: principles-regulations-testing and approval[M]. Hanser, 1983.
[2] PAPASPYRIDES C D, KILIARIS P. Polymer green flame retardants[M]. Netherlands Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2014.
[3] BUCH R. Rates of heat release and related fire parameters for silicones[J]. Fire Safe J, 1991, 17(1): 1-12.
[4] 张顺, 吴宁晶, 李美江. 有机硅阻燃剂的研究进展[J]. 高分子通报, 2010(12): 72-77.
ZHANG S, WU N J, LI M J. Research progress on organic-silicon flame retardant[J]. Polym Bull, 2010(12): 72-77.
[5] 宋远超, 陈国文, 姚慧玲, 等. 硅系阻燃剂作用机理及应用进展[J]. 有机硅材料, 2018, 32(6): 496-500.
SONG Y C, CHEN G W, YAO H L, et al. Progress in mechanism and application of silicon containing flame retardants[J]. Silicon Mater, 2018, 32(6): 496-500.
[6] 叶龙健, 钱立军, 王澜, 等. 硅系阻燃剂研究进展[J]. 中国塑料, 2009, 23(11): 7-14.
YE L J, QIAN L J, WANG L, et al. Research progress in silicon flame retardants[J]. China Plast, 2009, 23(11): 7-14.
[7] ZIELECKA M, BUJNOWSKA E. Silicone-containing polymer matrices as protective coatings: properties and applications[J]. Prog Org Coat, 2006, 55(2): 160-167.
[8] ZIELECKA M, RABAJCZYK A, PASTUSZKA L, et al. Flame resistant silicone-containing coating materials[J]. Coatings, 2020, 10(5): 479.
[9] NISHIHARA H, SUDA Y, SAKUMA T. Halogen- and phosphorus-free flame retardant PC plastic with excellent moldability and recyclability[J]. J Fire Sci, 2003, 21(6): 451-464.
[10] WU C S, LIU Y L, CHIU Y S. Epoxy resins possessing flame retardant elements from silicon incorporated epoxy compounds cured with phosphorus or nitrogen containing curing agents[J]. Polymer, 2002, 43(15): 4277-4284.
[11] MURIAS P, MACIEJEWSKI H, GALINA H. Epoxy resins modified with reactive low molecular weight siloxanes[J]. Eur Polym J, 2012, 48(4): 769-773.
[12] MEADS J A, KIPPING F S. Organic derivatives of silicon. part XXIII. further experiments on the so-called siliconic acids[J]. J Chem Soc Trans, 1915, 107: 459-468.
[13] SCOTT D W. Thermal rearrangement of branched-chain methylpolysiloxanes1[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 1946, 68(3): 356-358.
[14] ZHANG W, CAMINO G, YANG R. Polymer/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites: an overview of fire retardance[J]. Prog Polym Sci, 2017, 67: 77-125.
[15] WU J, MATHER P T. POSS polymers: physical properties and biomaterials applications[J]. Polym Rev, 2009, 49(1): 25-63.
[16] JIANG S D, TANG G, BAI Z M, et al. Surface functionalization of MoS₂ with POSS for enhancing thermal, flame-retardant and mechanical properties in PVA composites[J]. RSC Adv, 2014, 4(7): 3253-3262.
[17] ÇAKMAKÇI E. Allylamino diphenylphosphine oxide and poss containing flame retardant photocured hybrid coatings[J]. Prog Org Coat, 2017, 105: 37-47.
[18] ZHANG W, LI X, YANG R. Novel flame retardancy effects of DOPO-POSS on epoxy resins[J]. Polym Degrad Stab, 2011, 96(12): 2167-2173.
[19] 张文超, 杨荣杰. 多面体硅倍半氧烷阻燃聚合物材料[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2020: 225-263.
ZHANG W C, YANG R J. Polyhedral silsesquioxane flame-retardant polymer material[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2020: 225- 263.
[20] MICHAOWSKI S, PIELICHOWSKI K. 1,2-Propanediolizobutyl POSS as a co-flame retardant for rigid polyurethane foams[J]. J Therm Anal Calorim, 2018, 134(2): 1351-1358.
[21] NIE Y, LENG X, JIANG Y, et al. Influence of reactive POSS and DDP on thermal stability and flame retardance of UPR nanocomposites[J]. e-Polymers, 2017, 17(6): 463-470.
[22] LIU L, ZHANG W, YANG R. Flame retardant epoxy composites with epoxy-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes[J]. Polym Adv Technol, 2020, 31(9): 2058-2074.
[23] FRANCHINI E, GALY J, GÉRARD J F, et al. Influence of POSS structure on the fire retardant properties of epoxy hybrid networks[J]. Polym Degrad Stab, 2009, 94(10): 1728-1736.
[24] NGUYEN V H, MANH V U C, THI H V. MWCNT grafted with POSS-based novel flame retardant-filled epoxy resin nanocomposite: fabrication, mechanical properties, and flammability[J]. Compos Interfaces, 2020: 1-16.
[25] CHEN W, LIU Y, XU C, et al. Synthesis and properties of an intrinsic flame retardant silicone rubber containing phosphaphenanthrene structure[J]. RSC Adv, 2017, 7(63): 39786-39795.
[26] 张利利, 刘安华. 磷硅阻燃剂协同效应及其应用[J]. 塑料工业, 2005(S1): 203-205, 209.
ZHANG L L, LIU A H. Synergistic effect and application of phosphorus/silicon flame redardant[J]. China Plast Ind, 2005(S1): 203-205, 209.
[27] SCHARTEL B. Phosphorus-based flame retardancy mechanisms-old hat or a starting point for future development?[J]. Materials, 2010, 3(10): 4710-4745.
[28] RAKOTOMALALA M, WAGNER S, DRING M. Recent developments in halogen free flame retardants for epoxy resins for electrical and electronic applications[J]. Materials (Basel), 2010, 3(8): 4300-4327.
[29] YU B, TAO Y, LIU L, et al. Thermal and flame retardant properties of transparent UV-curing epoxy acrylate coatings with POSS-based phosphonate acrylate[J]. RSC Adv, 2015, 5(92): 75254-75262.
[30] ALONGI J, COLLEONI C, ROSACE G, et al. Sol-gel derived architectures for enhancing cotton flame retardancy: effect of pure and phosphorus-doped silica phases[J]. Polym Degrad Stab, 2014, 99: 92-98.
[31] 魏振杰, 刘伟区, 李宏静, 等. 含磷有机硅杂化环氧树脂固化体系性能研究[J]. 高分子学报, 2012(2): 148-153.
WEI Z J, LIU W Q, LI H J, et al. Properties of phosphorus-containing otganic silicon/epoxy hybrid resin[J]. Acta Polym Sin, 2012(2): 148-153.
[32] SALMEIA K A, GAAN S. An overview of some recent advances in DOPO-derivatives: chemistry and flame retardant applications[J]. Polym Degrad Stab, 2015, 113: 119-134.
[33] LI S, ZHAO X, LIU X, et al. Cage-ladder-structure, phosphorus-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquinoxanes as promising reactive-type flame retardants for epoxy resin[J]. J Appl Polym Sci, 2019, 136(23): 47607.
[34] BAI Z, JIANG S, TANG G, et al. Enhanced thermal properties and flame retardancy of unsaturated polyester-based hybrid materials containing phosphorus and silicon[J]. Polym Adv Technol, 2014, 25(2): 223-232.
[35] QIAN X, SONG L, HU Y, et al. Thermal degradation and flammability of novel organic/inorganic epoxy hybrids containing organophosphorus-modified oligosiloxane[J]. Thermochim Acta, 2013, 552: 87-97.
[36] LUO J, LI R, ZOU H, et al. High char yields of DOPO/organosilicon-modified epoxy resins and phosphorus silicon synergism of thermal stability[J]. High Perform Polym,2019, 31(7): 800-809.
[37] HOU M, LIU W, SU Q, et al. Studies on the Thermal properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resins modified with polysiloxane containing organophosphorus and epoxide groups[J]. Polym J, 2007, 39(7): 696-702.
[38] WANG X, HU Y, SONG L, et al. Thermal degradation behaviors of epoxy resin/POSS hybrids and phosphorus silicon synergism of flame retardancy[J]. J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys, 2010, 48(6): 693-705.
[39] CHEN C H, CHIANG C L. Preparation and characteristics of an environmentally friendly hyperbranched flame-retardant polyurethane hybrid containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon[J]. Polymers, 2019, 11(4): 720.
[40] PENG C, WU Z, LI J, et al. Synthesis, thermal and mechanical behavior of a silicon/phosphorus containing epoxy resin[J]. J Appl Polym Sci, 2015, 132(46): 42788.
[41] TABATABAEE F, KHORASANI M, EBRAHIMI M, et al. Synthesis and comprehensive study on industrially relevant flame retardant waterborne polyurethanes based on phosphorus chemistry[J]. Prog Org Coat, 2019, 131: 397-406.
[42] ANANDA KUMAR S, DENCHEV Z, ALAGAR M. Synthesis and thermal characterization of phosphorus containing siliconized epoxy resins[J]. Eur Polym J, 2006, 42(10): 2419-2429.
[43] KUMAR S A, DENCHEV Z. Development and characterization of phosphorus-containing siliconized epoxy resin coatings[J]. Prog Org Coat, 2009, 66(1): 1-7.
[44] 董朝红, 吕洲, 朱平. 反应型含磷氮元素的聚硅氧烷的制备及其对棉织物拒水阻燃性能研究[J]. 功能材料, 2013, 44(18): 2601-2606.
DONG C H, LV Z, ZHU P. Synthesis of iodine butyl-dimethoxy dibenzyloxyphosphoiyl propionamide polysiloxane and its water repellency and flame retardancy on cotton fabric[J]. J Funct Mater, 2013, 44(18): 2601-2606.
[45] LUO H, RAO W, ZHAO P, et al. An efficient organic/inorganic phosphorus-nitrogen-silicon flame retardant towards low-flammability epoxy resin[J]. Polym Degrad Stab, 2020, 178: 109195.
[46] LI N, MING J, YUAN R, et al. Novel eco-friendly flame retardants based on nitrogen silicone Schiff base and application in cellulose[J]. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng, 2020, 8(1): 290-301.
[47] CHAO P, LI Y, GU X, et al. Novel phosphorus-nitrogen-silicon flame retardants and their application in cycloaliphatic epoxy systems[J]. Polym Chem, 2015, 6(15): 2977-2985.
[48] 张军营, 刘永壮, 史翎, 等. 一种线性聚硅氧烷及其可陶瓷化聚硅氧烷组合物和其制备方法: 中国, 202010241335.8[P]. 2020-03-31.
ZHANG J Y, LIU Y Z, SHI L, et al. Process for preparing linear polysiloxane and ceramicizable polysiloxane composition: CN, 202010241335.8[P]. 2020-03-31.

Research Progress on Reactive Silicone Flame Retardants

PDF

Knowledge

Cited

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 10

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	WANG Xiaowei, FU Zhilei, LIU Fang, PAN Ge, XU Donghhua, GUAN Dongbo, DOU Yanli, SHI Tongfei, YAO Weiguo. Effect of Polyvinyl Chloride Skin Composition on Vulcanization of Additive Silicone Rubber [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2020, 37(1): 32-39.
[2]	WANG Wenxu,HUANG Bingyu,TAN Licheng,HAN Jihui,CHEN Lie,XU Haitao,CHEN Yiwang. Research Progress of Addition Type Liquid Silicone Rubber [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2018, 35(9): 1005-1012.
[3]	SHEN Shuchang, CAI Junyang, WANG Lihong. Synthesis, Characterization and Chromatographic Performance of Schiff-base Type Silicone Polyurethane Liquid Crystal Polymer [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2016, 33(9): 1085-1092.
[4]	ZHOU Tingting, YANG Jianjun*, WU Qingyun, WU Mingyuan, ZHANG Jianan. Preparation of Silicone Modified Sulfonated Polyurethane/acrylic Composite Emulsion [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2013, 30(02): 143-147.
[5]	WANG Chunguang, YU Li, ZHANG Peilong, PANG Lifei, JIA Shouhua*. Synthesis and Property Determination of Disilane surfactant [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2012, 29(10): 1130-1137.
[6]	Yang Bai, Gao Changyou, Sun Yunxiu, Shen Jiacong. Curing Analysis of transparent,Abrasion-resistant Organosilicone Coatings [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 1994, 0(3): 54-57.
[7]	Zhang Keda, Liu Nan'an. PERVAPORATION OF DILUTE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS THROUGH ORGANOSILICONE POLYMER MEMBRANES [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 1992, 0(5): 29-33.
[8]	Zhang Keda, Liu Nanan, Tian He. PREPARATION OF METHYLSILICONE RUBBER GRAFTED WITH POLYSTYRENE FOR OXYGEN ENRICHMENT [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 1992, 0(1): 92-94.
[9]	Zhao YongZhen, Li Zhonghua. SYNTHESIS OF TRIMETHYLSILOXYALKYLPHOSPHONATES FROM SILICON-PHOSPHORUS REAGENT [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 1991, 0(1): 33-37.
[10]	Tang Keguang, Zhang Jingling, He Junhui, Nei Jun, Wang Erjian. PROMOTED PHOTOINITIATED CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION OF EPOXYPOLYSILICONE BY BENZOIN ALKYL ETHERS [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 1990, 0(3): 54-56.