聚合物/淀粉复合材料的制备与性能研究进展

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.200385

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 淀粉是一种天然高分子材料,具有来源广泛、价格低廉、可再生、可降解等优点,在生物降解高分子材料领域中具有重要地位。淀粉塑化后较为柔软,类似于弹性体,如果能够用于聚合物的增韧改性,将对降低成本、保护环境有重要意义。目前,淀粉在聚合物共混改性中主要起填充、降低成本的作用,而作为弹性体增韧聚合物制备高抗冲聚合物复合材料还比较少。为了改善聚合物/淀粉复合材料的性能,可以采用淀粉塑化改性、淀粉化学改性、添加相容剂、添加弹性体协同淀粉增韧等方法。本文从以上4个方面总结了聚合物/淀粉复合材料的研究进展,讨论了目前聚合物/淀粉复合材料存在的问题,并对未来的发展方向进行展望。

关键词: 淀粉, 改性, 聚合物/淀粉复合材料

Abstract: Starch is an important natural polymer, due to the availability, low cost, and renewable and biodegradable properties. The plasticized starch is soft, which is similar to the elastomer. It would be very important in reducing cost and environmental protection if plasticized starch can be partly used to replace thermoplastic elastomers to toughen polymers. At present, starch is usually used as fillers to reduce the cost during polymer blending, but it can rarely be used to toughen polymer and prepare high impact polymer blends. In order to improve the mechanical properties of polymer/starch composites, many methods such as plasticizing modification of starch, chemical modification of starch, adding compatiblizers, adding elastomer and synergistic toughening of starch have been used. In this review, the research progress of polymer/starch composites is briefly introduced, and several methods to improve the properties of polymer/starch composites are also systematically described. At last, the problems in the application of starch in polymer blending modification are discussed, and the future development direction is prospected.

Key words: Starch, Modification, Polymer/starch composites

中图分类号:

O631

赵云萧, 王光鑫, 陈友绪, 赵桂艳. 聚合物/淀粉复合材料的制备与性能研究进展[J]. 应用化学, 2021, 38(11): 1432-1440.

ZHAO Yun-Xiao, WANG Guang-Xin, CHEN You-Xu, ZHAO Gui-Yan. Research Progress on Preparation and Properties of Polymer/Starch Composites[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2021, 38(11): 1432-1440.

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