丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯/纳米二氧化硅复合材料的制备和性能

doi:10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2019.05.180233

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用原位聚合伴随溶胶-凝胶进行的过程,合成了丙烯酸酯改性聚氨酯(PUA)/纳米SiO₂(PUAS)复合乳液。通过纳米粒度仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和热重分析仪等技术手段表征了复合乳液及胶膜的结构和性能。结果表明,纳米SiO₂能够均匀地分散在复合材料中,随着原料中前驱体正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)质量分数的增加,复合乳液粒径有所增大,胶膜力学性能和热稳定性明显提高。当TEOS质量分数为8%,胶膜拉伸强度达到16.8 MPa,邵氏硬度A达到94,最大分解速率温度提高到416 ℃,且胶膜耐水性明显改善,吸水率降低到2.1%。

关键词: 丙烯酸酯改性聚氨酯, 原位聚合, 正硅酸乙酯, 纳米SiO₂

Abstract:

Polyurethane-acrylate/nano-SiO₂(PUAS) composite emulsions were synthesized by in situ polymerization accompanying sol-gel process, in which the hydrolysis reaction and polymerization of monomers were accomplished at the same time. The properties and structure of the films and emulsion were characterized by a laser particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM), etc. The results indicated that with the increase of the mass fraction of tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS), the thermostability and the mechanical properties of the films were improved remarkably. When the mass fraction of TEOS was 8% in the PUAS composite emulsion, the water absorption of the obtained film was 2.1%, the tensile strength was 16.8 MPa, the Shore hardness was 94, and the temperature for the maximal thermal mass-loss rate was 416 ℃.

Key words: waterborne polyurethane, in situ polymerization, ethyl orthosilicate, SiO₂ nanoparticles

陈广美,汪志坤,吴立霞,黄毅萍. 丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯/纳米二氧化硅复合材料的制备和性能[J]. 应用化学, 2019, 36(5): 532-538.

CHEN Guangmei,WANG Zhikun,WU Lixia,HUANG Yiping. Preparation and Properties of Polyurethane Modified by Acrylate/Nano-SiO₂ Composites[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2019, 36(5): 532-538.

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