新型吸附材料分离和富集贵金属的研究进展

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 每年有大量含贵金属的废水和电子垃圾被排放到大自然,对自然环境、人类健康造成严重威胁。贵金属具有独特的物理、化学性质,作为一类重要的资源,被广泛应用于各领域,但数量相对有限的贵金属与人类绝对增长的需求量相比造成了贵金属资源的稀缺。从二次资源中高效回收贵金属既保护环境,又使贵金属资源循环利用,是一项具有重要意义的研究内容。吸附法是分离富集贵金属的有效途径之一,吸附材料是吸附法的核心,致力于开发吸附容量大、吸附速率快、选择性高、稳定性好和绿色环保的吸附材料以解决实际问题,目前已涌现出各类新型吸附材料。综述了近3年以来吸附材料在分离和富集贵金属领域的研究进展,总结了5类吸附剂,包括碳基纳米材料、聚合物基质材料、骨架材料、无机纳米材料和生物质基材料,并在此基础上提出当前分离富集贵金属领域面临的主要挑战,展望未来发展趋势。

关键词: 新型吸附材料, 分离富集, 贵金属

Abstract: A large amount of sewage and electronic-waste containing noble metals are discharged into nature every year, posing a serious threat to the natural environment and human health. Noble metal, as a non-renewable resource, has unique physical and chemical properties and is widely used in various fields, thus exacerbating the serious scarcity of noble metal resources. Therefore, the efficient recovery of noble metal from secondary resources, as an important research content, can not only protect the environment and human safety, but also obtain a large amount of noble metal resource. Adsorption is one of the most effective ways to separate noble metals. As the core of the adsorption method, the adsorption materials have attracted extensive attention from researchers. In recent years, researchers have devoted themselves to creating reusable and green adsorption materials with large adsorption capacity, fast adsorption rate, and high adsorption selectivity. Therefore, a large number of new adsorption materials have emerged. This article summarizes the research progress of new adsorbent materials in the past three years, focusing on the application for the separation and enrichment of noble metal, and five main types of nanomaterials, including carbon-based nanocomposite materials, polymer composite nanomaterials, new three-dimensional ordered materials, inorganic nanoparticles and their composite materials as well as biological adsorption materials. The structural characteristics, research ideas and practical applications of various materials are reviewed and discussed. Meanwhile, this article briefly outlines the prospects for the future development of adsorbent materials

Key words: Novel adsorbent materials, Separation and enrichment, Noble metal

中图分类号:

O652.6

周雯, 佟珊珊. 新型吸附材料分离和富集贵金属的研究进展[J]. 应用化学, 2021, 38(8): 897-910.

ZHOU Wen, TONG Shan-Shan. Research Progress on Novel Adsorbent Materials for Separation and Enrichment of Noble Metals[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2021, 38(8): 897-910.

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