石墨烯基催化剂的设计合成与电催化应用

doi:10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.03.170391

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解决能源匮乏和环境污染的问题,研究人员正致力于寻找清洁可持续的新能源。其中,氧气还原、氧气析出、析氢反应等是紧密联系新型清洁能源获取和存贮的重要电化学反应。为了提高其能量转化效率,电催化剂(如碳载铂Pt/C)被广泛地用于降低其反应活化能、提高能量转化效率。近年来,石墨烯作为一种具有高比表面积和优异导电性的二维碳材料受到了广泛关注。通过表面杂原子掺杂、缺陷调控和引入催化活性组分等方式,获得了催化性能与贵金属催化剂相媲美,且低价格和高稳定性的非贵金属石墨烯基催化材料。针对氧气还原、氧气析出和析氢反应在燃料电池、金属-空气电池和电催化水分解中的应用,本文概括综述了通过表/界面结构性质调控提高石墨烯电催化性能和稳定性,获得具有双功能或复合催化性能的石墨烯基催化剂的最新研究进展。最后总结和展望了亟待解决的问题及未来的发展趋势。

关键词: 石墨烯, 非贵金属催化剂, 氧还原反应, 氧析出反应, 氢析出反应, 电催化

Abstract:

To solve the issues of energy shortage and environmental pollution, researchers are working to develop clean and sustainable energy sources. Among them, chemical reactions(e.g., oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and hydrogen evolution reaction) are of importance for the development of electrochemical energy conversion and storage. In order to improve its energy conversion efficiency, electrocatalysts(e.g., Pt/C) are commonly used to reduce the activation energy of these sluggish reactions and improve the energy conversion efficiency. In recent years, graphene, as a two-dimensional carbon material with a high specific surface area and excellent electronic conductivity, has attracted a wide range of research interests. The graphene-based catalytic materials with low price and high stability comparable to those of noble metal catalysts have been designed by means of heteroatom doping, surface defect modulation and introduction of catalytic active components(e.g., non-noble metal oxides). This review summarizes the latest research progress of graphene-based electrocatalysts with multifunctional applications by rationally controlling on the surface/interface structures and properties, with a special focus on their promising applications in fuel cells, metal-air batteries and electrochemical water splitting. Furthermore, challenges and future development of graphene-based electrocatalysts are also discussed.

Key words: graphene, non-noble metal electrocatalyst, oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, electrocatalysis

陈思,孙立臻,舒欣欣,张进涛. 石墨烯基催化剂的设计合成与电催化应用[J]. 应用化学, 2018, 35(3): 272-285.

CHEN Si,SUN Lizhen,SHU Xinxin,ZHANG Jintao. Graphene-based Catalysts for Efficient Electrocatalytic Applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2018, 35(3): 272-285.

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