植酸基生物源磷复肥的制备与表征

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240311

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮、磷和钾是农作物生长不可或缺的3大营养元素，其中磷主要源自磷矿石，但高品位磷矿资源因分布不均和需求增长正面临枯竭风险，且低品位磷矿含有有害杂质，处理成本高。因此，有必要探索替代磷源并开发磷的循环利用。植酸是一种生物来源的有机磷化合物，其磷含量（P₂O₅的质量分数大于60%）高于天然富磷矿。本文探讨了以植酸为基础的磷肥溶液的理化特性及其对作物生长的影响。通过核磁共振波谱（NMR）和飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）分析发现，尽管不同来源的植酸化学组分差异较大，主要体现为肌醇磷酸酯取代度的差别，但是酸碱反应所得的复合肥结构比较类似，为规模化利用工业来源植酸提供了依据。通过盆栽实验表明，上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司来源植酸（PA）和广州富飞化工科技有限公司植酸（PC）来源的磷肥溶液相对于空白对照品更有利于玉米苗初期生长，而且能够更好地促进小麦百粒重、穗粒数和总磷含量的增加，有望实现磷的循环利用。

关键词: 植酸, 液体肥, 盆栽实验, 肥效

Abstract:

Nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium are three essential nutrients for crop growth. Phosphorus primarily originates from phosphate rock， however， high-grade phosphate resources are at risk of depletion due to their uneven distribution and growing demand. Moreover， low-grade phosphate ores often contain harmful impurities， making their processing expensive. Consequently， it is necessary to explore alternative phosphorus sources and develop phosphorus recycling. Phytic acid， a biologically derived organic phosphorus compound， exhibits a phosphorus content （P?O? mass fraction ＞60%） higher than that of high-grade phosphate ores. This study investigates the physicochemical properties of phosphate fertilizer solution derived from phytic acid and their effects on crop growth. Through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy（NMR） and matrix-assisted lasear desorption/inoization time of flight（MALDI-TOF-MS） analysis， it was found that although phytic acid from different sources showed significant variations in chemical composition， primarily in the degree of inositol phosphate ester substitution， the resulting fertilizer complexes obtained through acid-base reactions exhibited similar structures， providing a basis for the large-scale utilization of industrial-sourced phytic acid. Pot experiments indicate that phytic acid-based phosphate fertilizer solution （PA from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co.， Ltd. and PC from Guangzhou Fufei Chemical Technology Co.， Ltd.） are more favorable for the initial growth of maize seedlings compared to blank controls. These fertilizers also enhance the hundred-grain weight， kernel number per spike， and total phosphorus content in wheat， contributing positively to phosphorus recycling efforts.

Key words: Phytic acid, Liquid fertilizer, Pot experiment, Fertilizer effect

中图分类号:

O645.1

杨颖, 郭梦丽, 周吉尧, 李爱玲. 植酸基生物源磷复肥的制备与表征[J]. 应用化学, 2025, 42(11): 1472-1478.

Ying YANG, Meng-Li GUO, Ji-Yao ZHOU, Ai-Ling LI. Bio-Derived Phosphate Compound Fertilizer for Sustainable Agriculture[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2025, 42(11): 1472-1478.

图/表 6

图1 植酸制备液体复合肥反应示意图

Fig.1 Scheme of liquid compound fertilizer from phytic acid

图2 PA、PB、PC和PD植酸的31P NMR（A）、MALDI-TOF-MS（B）和磷质量分数（C）

Fig.2 31P NMR （A）， MALDI-TOF-MS （B） and phosphorus mass fraction （C） of PA， PB， PC and PD phytic acid

表1 不同来源植酸中六元环对应的6-、5-和4-取代肌醇磷酸酯摩尔分数

Table 1 The molar fractions of 6-， 5- and 4-substituted inositol phosphate in different sourced phytic acids

Sample	x（6-substituted）/%	x（5-substituted）/%	x（4-substituted）/%
PA	58.3	37.3	4.4
PB	3.3	86.6	10.1
PC	1.7	86.2	12.1
PD	2.8	74.6	22.6

图3 （A）不同来源植酸的磷肥溶液与商用肥实物图、（B）不同来源植酸的磷肥溶液和植酸的FT-IR谱图和（C）不同来源植酸的磷肥溶液的XRD谱图

Fig.3 （A） The optical photo of phosphate fertilizer solution from different phytic acid and commercial fertilizer，（B） FT-IR spectra of phosphate fertilizer solution from different phytic acid and phytic acid and （C） XRD curves of phosphate fertilizer solution from different phytic acid

图4 不同植酸来源的磷肥溶液对玉米生长的影响A. leaf length； B. leaf width； C. stem height； D. stem diameter

Fig.4 Effects on maize growth for phosphate fertilizer solution from different phytic acid

表2 不同植酸来源的磷肥溶液对小麦产量的影响

Table 2 Effects on wheat yield for phosphorus fertilizer solution from different phytic acid

Sample	Hundred-grain mass/g	Kernels per spike/grain	Total P/（μg·g^-1）
PA phosphate fertilizer	5.9±0.5	34.7±3.1	62.19
PB phosphate fertilizer	4.4±0.3	16.3±2.9	58.78
PC phosphate fertilizer	6.1±0.7	38.3±3.1	59.01
PD phosphate fertilizer	4.7±0.7	17.0±6.7	38.58
Commercial fertilizer	4.5±0.8	20.3±3.8	27.59
Control	5.3±0.8	31.7±1.8	39.63

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