膨胀珍珠岩基储能材料的制备及其对建筑能耗的影响

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250177

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以癸酸（CA）、棕榈酸（PA）和十八醇（OD）为相变材料，膨胀珍珠岩（EP）为吸附介质，采用熔融吸附法制备 CA-PA-OD/EP 定形相变材料，通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、示差扫描量热法（DSC）和热重分析法（TG）等对定形相变材料的微观结构、热性能和热稳定性进行表征。然后，将定形相变材料与泡沫混凝土结合，制备出蓄热性能好、能够调节室温的相变蓄热泡沫混凝土，并测定其干密度、导热系数等性能参数。最后，采用BIM软件建立建筑模型，利用PKPM绿建软件对相变蓄热泡沫混凝土在建筑墙体中的能耗情况和室内热舒适进行分析。研究结果表明：定形相变材料的相变温度为21.03 ℃，相变潜热为93.59 J/g，复合过程保持各组分的化学完整性； TG的结果表明，未封装的定形相变材料在290.5 ℃时残留质量分数为50.12%，封装后的定形相变材料在312.6 ℃时残留质量分数为55.37%；蓄放热曲线表明，制备的定形相变材料具有调温控温特性。将相变蓄热泡沫混凝土材料导入绿建中进行节能评价、隔热分析和室内热舒适评价，得出该相变蓄热泡沫混凝土能够减少建筑的能源消耗，且具备较好的保温隔热效果。定型相变材料及其泡沫混凝土兼具高储热性能、强隔热能力和工程适用性，能有效提升建筑节能与低碳效益。

关键词: 膨胀珍珠岩, 定形相变材料, 相变蓄热泡沫混凝土, 建筑节能

Abstract:

Using capric acid （CA）， palmitic acid （PA）， and octadecanol （OD） as phase change materials， expanded perlite （EP） as the adsorption medium， a CA-PA-OD/EP shaped phase change material was prepared by the melt adsorption method. The microstructure， thermal properties， and thermal stability of the shaped phase change material were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy， scanning electron microscopy， differential scanning calorimetry， and thermogravimetric analysis. Then， the shaped phase change material was combined with foam concrete to prepare phase change foam concrete with good thermal storage performance and the ability to regulate room temperature. Its performance parameters such as dry density and thermal conductivity were measured. Finally， a building model was established using BIM software， and the energy consumption and indoor thermal comfort of the phase change foam concrete in building walls were analyzed using PKPM green building software. The research results showed that the phase change temperature of the shaped phase change material was 21.03 ℃， and the latent heat of phase change was 93.59 J/g. The composite process maintained the chemical integrity of each component； The results of TG indicated that the residual mass fraction of unencapsulated shaped phase change material was 50.12% at 290.5 ℃， and the residual mass fraction of encapsulated shaped phase change material was 55.37% at 312.6 ℃； The heat storage and release curve showed that the prepared shaped phase change material had temperature regulation and control characteristics. The phase change foam concrete material was introduced into green building for energy-saving evaluation， thermal insulation analysis， and indoor thermal comfort evaluation. It was concluded that the phase change foam concrete could reduce building energy consumption and had good thermal insulation and heat retention effects. The shaped phase change material and its foam concrete had both high heat storage performance， strong thermal insulation ability， and engineering applicability， which could effectively enhance building energy efficiency and low-carbon benefits.

Key words: Form-stable phase change materials, Phase change heat storage foam concrete, Building energy conservation

中图分类号:

O642

周莹, 卜万奎, 张东, 刘品品, 李光跃. 膨胀珍珠岩基储能材料的制备及其对建筑能耗的影响[J]. 应用化学, 2026, 43(1): 53-66.

Ying ZHOU, Wan-Kui BU, Dong ZHANG, Pin-Pin LIU, Guang-Yue LI. Preparation of Expanded Perlite-Based Energy Storage Materials and Their Impact on Building Energy Consumption[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2026, 43(1): 53-66.

图/表 20

参考文献 17

[1]	刘大龙，李俐瑶，马茹婷. 居住建筑节能行为的热舒适基础及应用［J］. 建筑科学， 2023， 39（10）： 36-42.
	LIU D L， LI L Y， MA R T. Thermal comfort basis and application of energy-saving behaviors in residential buildings［J］. Build Sci， 2023， 39（10）： 36-42.
[2]	张颖. 布署九大重点任务明确五项保障措施住建部印发《“十四五”建筑节能与绿色建筑发展规划》［J］. 中国勘察设计， 2022（3）： 8-9.
	ZHANG Y. Nine key tasks and five safeguard measures clarified： ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the “14th Five-Year” plan for building energy efficiency and green building development［J］. Chin Invest Des， 2022（3）： 8-9.
[3]	李琳，王宇，李东旭，等. 硅藻土基定形相变材料的制备及应用进展［J］. 化工新型材料， 2024， 52（4）： 238-243.
	LI L， WANG Y， LI D X， et al. Progress in preparation and application of diatomite-based shape-stabilized phase change materials［J］. Chem New Mater， 2024， 52（4）： 238-243.
[4]	胡明玉，李东旭，吴琼，等. LA-SA复合相变材料的制备与性能研究［J］. 现代化工， 2023， 43（9）： 97-103.
	HU M Y， LI D X， WU Q， et al. Preparation and properties of LA-SA composite phase change material［J］. Mod Chem Ind， 2023， 43（9）： 97-103.
[5]	张益弘，陈羽阳，涂龙龙，等. 基于水凝胶的定形相变材料制备与性能研究［J］. 高分子学报， 2024（9）： 1229-1240.
	ZHANG Y H， CHEN Y Y， TU L L， et al. Preparation and properties of shape-stabilized phase change material based on hydrogel［J］. Acta Polym Sin， 2024（9）： 1229-1240.
[6]	肖力光，李赫. 相变储能材料在建筑围护结构领域的应用及研究进展［J］. 化工新型材料， 2024， 52（4）： 228-232.
	XIAO L G， LI H. Application and research progress of phase change energy storage materials in building envelopes［J］. Chem New Mater， 2024， 52（4）： 228-232.
[7]	王若钰，梁斌，朱英明，等. 石蜡基高热导率相变储能材料的制备［J］. 化学试剂， 2023， 45（1）： 108-113.
	WANG R Y， LIANG B， ZHU Y M， et al. Preparation of paraffin-based phase change energy storage material with high thermal conductivity［J］. Chem Reag， 2023， 45（1）： 108-113.
[8]	于文艳，孟琦，童浩然. 微胶囊相变材料对砂浆热性能和力学性能的影响［J］. 建筑材料学报， 2023， 26（2）： 215-220.
	YU W Y， MENG Q， TONG H R. Effect of microencapsulated phase change material on thermal and mechanical properties of mortar［J］. J Build Mater， 2023， 26（2）：215-220.
[9]	胡明玉，吴琼，胡佳乐，等. CaCl₂·6H₂O/膨胀石墨复合相变材料的制备及研究［J］. 功能材料， 2023， 54（3）： 3156-3161.
	HU M Y， WU Q， HU J L， et al. Preparation and study of CaCl₂·6H₂O/expanded graphite composite phase change material［J］. J Funct Mater， 2023， 54（3）： 3156-3161.
[10]	庄英，林韶晖，冯献社，等. 二元/三元脂肪酸—脂肪醇共晶相变储能材料模拟分析及实验研究［J］. 信息记录材料， 2023， 24（11）： 22-26.
	ZHUANG Y， LIN S H， FENG X S， et al. Simulation analysis and experimental study on binary/ternary fatty acid-fatty alcohol eutectic phase change energy storage materials［J］. Inf Rec Mater， 2023， 24（11）： 22-26.
[11]	成鑫磊，穆锐，孙涛，等. 固液相变材料的封装制备及在建筑领域的研究进展［J］. 材料导报， 2024（5）： 69-83.
	CHENG X L， MU R， SUN T， et al. Encapsulated preparation of solid-liquid phase change materials and research progress in building applications［J］. Mater Rep， 2024（5）： 69-83.
[12]	赖蔓崎，王艳，曹雄金，等. 建筑围护结构中辐射制冷材料与相变材料耦合应用的研究进展［J］. 化工新型材料， 2024， 52（S02）： 332-337.
	LAI M Q， WANG Y， CAO X J， et al. Research progress on coupled application of radiative cooling materials and phase change materials in building envelopes［J］. New Chem Mater， 2024， 52（S02）：332-337.
[13]	PANG Y， CHEN J， SUN J， et al. Cellulose nanofiber-enhanced dynamic hydrogels for high-efficiency phase change encapsulation［J］. Nat Commun， 2024， 15（1）： 4821.
[14]	DISALE A， NAYAK C， SURYAWANSHI N， et al. Fly ash-based geopolymer encapsulants for thermal energy storage： synergistic effects of metakaolin and silica fume［J］. Cem Concr Compos， 2024， 145： 105370.
[15]	LU B， ZHANG Z， ZHU H， et al. Nano-silica reinforced latex coatings for leakage-proof phase change composites［J］. Energy Buildings， 2025， 311： 112005.
[16]	李辉，陈锋，匡渝阳，等. 外掺剂对泡沫混凝土影响及冻融-循环破坏研究［J］. 混凝土， 2023（5）： 115-120.
	LI H， CHEN F， KUANG Y Y， et al. Effects of admixtures on foam concrete and freeze-thaw cyclic damage mechanism［J］. Concrete， 2023（5）： 115-120.
[17]	李琳，王宇，马玉莹，等. 基于正交试验的泡沫混凝土导热性能和孔结构研究［J］. 硅酸盐通报， 2024， 43（8）： 2888-2896.
	LI L， WANG Y， MA Y Y， et al. Thermal conductivity and pore structure of foam concrete based on orthogonal experiments［J］. Silicate Bull， 2024， 43（8）： 2888-2896.

Sample	w（Phase change materials）/%	m（CA-PA-OD）/g	m（EP）/g
Ⅰ	30	0.3	0.7
Ⅱ	40	0.4	0.6
Ⅲ	50	0.5	0.5
Ⅳ	60	0.6	0.4
Ⅴ	70	0.7	0.3
Ⅵ	80	0.8	0.2

Sample	w（Phase change materials）/%	m（CA-PA-OD）/g	m（EP）/g
Ⅰ	30	0.3	0.7
Ⅱ	40	0.4	0.6
Ⅲ	50	0.5	0.5
Ⅳ	60	0.6	0.4
Ⅴ	70	0.7	0.3
Ⅵ	80	0.8	0.2

Sample	m（filter paper before leakage）/g	m（filter paper after leakage）/g	Mass change fraction/%
Ⅰ	0.334	0.337	1
Ⅱ	0.337	0.341	1
Ⅲ	0.331	0.343	4
Ⅳ	0.332	0.357	8
Ⅴ	0.340	0.374	10
Ⅵ	0.334	0.391	17

Sample	m（filter paper before leakage）/g	m（filter paper after leakage）/g	Mass change fraction/%
Ⅰ	0.334	0.337	1
Ⅱ	0.337	0.341	1
Ⅲ	0.331	0.343	4
Ⅳ	0.332	0.357	8
Ⅴ	0.340	0.374	10
Ⅵ	0.334	0.391	17

Sample	m（filter paper before leakage）/g	m（filter paper after leakage）/g	Mass change fraction/%
Ⅰ	0.335	0.335	0
Ⅱ	0.334	0.335	0
Ⅲ	0.341	0.341	0
Ⅳ	0.337	0.343	2
Ⅴ	0.334	0.340	2
Ⅵ	0.336	0.369	10