应用化学 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 190-216.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230309

• 综合评述 • 上一篇    

污废水中污染物去除的功能材料研究进展:元素物质-合成改性-工艺工程的尺度效应

庞子君, 覃智, 陈啊聪, 关翔鸿, 韦庚锐, 李泽敏, 黄华, 韦朝海()   

  1. 华南理工大学环境与能源学院,广州 510006
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-09 接受日期:2023-12-26 出版日期:2024-02-01 发布日期:2024-03-05
  • 通讯作者: 韦朝海
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51878290)

Recent Advances in Functional Materials for Pollutant Removal from Sewage Wastewater: Scaling Effects of Elemental Substances‑Synthetic Modification‑Process Engineering

Zi-Jun PANG, Zhi QIN, A-Cong CHEN, Xiang-Hong GUAN, Geng-Rui WEI, Ze-Min LI, Hua HUANG, Chao-Hai WEI()   

  1. School of Environment and Energy,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China
  • Received:2023-10-09 Accepted:2023-12-26 Published:2024-02-01 Online:2024-03-05
  • Contact: Chao-Hai WEI
  • About author:cechwei@scut.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51878290)

摘要:

污废水中的有机污染物、重金属离子和病毒性微生物等造成了严重的水环境污染,对人体健康和生态系统也造成严重威胁,有效控制污废水的风险成为保护环境和可持续发展的重要研究方向。 环境功能材料作为一类具有污染物净化效果的辅助性手段,在降低水污染风险中展现出巨大的科技潜力。 本研究探讨元素物质的选择、合成改性策略和工艺工程的优化3个尺度层面的现状与发展; 以碳元素、硅元素和金属元素为例,介绍新型功能材料的特征; 从溶剂热法、溶胶-凝胶法、共沉淀法、化学气相沉积法、绿色合成法以及表面功能化改性讨论了合成技术策略; 关于工艺工程应用方面,固定床-吸附床-流化床、电场-光场-磁场、物理-化学-生物、循环-再生-处置和协同放大效应等的产业生产/连续运行方面值得关注; 在性能、经济性、环境影响和可持续性方面进行评价,强调了安全-稳定-长效-满负荷-优化的工艺工程技术应用目标。 未来的环境功能材料发展应聚焦3D打印材料在污废水处理中的应用、智能工艺和智慧管理、群体感知和信息诊断以及场域效应和量子探针等技术方向的结合,在水质改善-材料功能挖掘-可持续循环发展方面提供新的技术领域。

关键词: 环境功能材料, 污废水处理, 元素物质的选择, 合成改性策略, 工艺工程应用, 可持续评价

Abstract:

Organic pollutants, heavy metal ions, and viral microorganisms in sewage wastewater not only cause serious water pollution, but also pose a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. Effectively controlling the risks associated with sewage wastewater has become a crucial research direction for environmental protection and sustainable development. Environmental functional materials, as a category of auxiliary means with pollutant purification effects, have demonstrated tremendous technological potential in reducing water pollution risks. This study explores the current status and development in three scale aspects: selection of elemental substances, synthetic and modification strategies, and optimization of process engineering. The characteristics of new types of functional materials are introduced by taking carbon, silicon and metal elements as examples; the synthesis technologies are discussed in terms of solvothermal method, sol-gel method, co-precipitation method, chemical vapor deposition method, green synthesis method, and surface functionalization modification; regarding the application of process engineering, attention should be paid to the industrial generation/continuous operation of fixed bed-adsorption bed-fluidized bed, electric-light-magnetic, physics-chemistry-biology, recycling-regeneration-disposal, synergistic amplification effect; and evaluation is carried out in terms of performance, economy, environmental impact, and sustainability, emphasizing the goal of safety-stability-long-lasting-full loading-optimization for the application of process engineering technologies. The future development of environmental functional materials should focus on areas such as 3D printing materials in sewage and wastewater treatment, intelligent processes and smart management, crowdsourcing and information diagnosis, as well as quantum probes and field effects to provide new technological fields in terms of water quality improvement-material function excavation-sustainable recycling development.

Key words: Environmentally functional materials, Wastewater treatment, Selection of elemental substances, Synthesis and modification strategies, Process engineering applications, Sustainability evaluation

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