Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (9): 1277-1287.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230079
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Yu-Xuan LI1,2, Yu-Hao ZHAO1,2, Yu-Ze DAI2, Min JIANG2(), Ying ZHANG1(), Guang-Yuan ZHOU2()
Received:
2023-03-29
Accepted:
2023-07-25
Published:
2023-09-01
Online:
2023-09-14
Contact:
Min JIANG,Ying ZHANG,Guang-Yuan ZHOU
About author:
gyzhou@dicp.ac.cnSupported by:
CLC Number:
Yu-Xuan LI, Yu-Hao ZHAO, Yu-Ze DAI, Min JIANG, Ying ZHANG, Guang-Yuan ZHOU. Preparation and Characterization of Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)/TiO2 Nanoparticles/ Diatomaceous Earth Composites[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2023, 40(9): 1277-1287.
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URL: http://yyhx.ciac.jl.cn/EN/10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230079
Samples | The median particle size of nano TiO2/nm | The addition amount of nano TiO2/‰ | The median particle size of DE/μm | The addition amount of DE/‰ |
---|---|---|---|---|
PEF/TiO2/DE3.5,3 | 60 | 3 a | 3.5 | 3 b |
PEF/TiO2/DE7,3 | 60 | 3 | 7 | 3 |
PEF/TiO2/DE22,3 | 60 | 3 | 22 | 3 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,1 | 60 | 3 | 40 | 1 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,3 | 60 | 3 | 40 | 3 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,5 | 60 | 3 | 40 | 5 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,7 | 60 | 3 | 40 | 7 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,9 | 60 | 3 | 40 | 9 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,10 | 60 | 3 | 40 | 10 |
Table 1 The median particle size and the addition amount of nano TiO2 and DE in PEF/TiO2/DE composites
Samples | The median particle size of nano TiO2/nm | The addition amount of nano TiO2/‰ | The median particle size of DE/μm | The addition amount of DE/‰ |
---|---|---|---|---|
PEF/TiO2/DE3.5,3 | 60 | 3 a | 3.5 | 3 b |
PEF/TiO2/DE7,3 | 60 | 3 | 7 | 3 |
PEF/TiO2/DE22,3 | 60 | 3 | 22 | 3 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,1 | 60 | 3 | 40 | 1 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,3 | 60 | 3 | 40 | 3 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,5 | 60 | 3 | 40 | 5 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,7 | 60 | 3 | 40 | 7 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,9 | 60 | 3 | 40 | 9 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,10 | 60 | 3 | 40 | 10 |
Fig.1 ATR-FTIR patterns of PEF, PEF/TiO2 and PEF/TiO2/DE compositesNote: a. PEF; b. PEF/TiO2; c. PEF/TiO2/DE3.5,3; d. PEF/TiO2/DE7,3; e. PEF/TiO2/DE22,3; f. PEF/TiO2/DE40,1; g. PEF/TiO2/DE40,3; h. PEF/TiO2/DE40,10
Fig.2 1H NMR patterns of PEF/TiO2 and PEF/TiO2/DE compositesNote: a. PEF/TiO2; b PEF/TiO2/DE3.5,3; c. PEF/TiO2/DE7,3; d. PEF/TiO2/DE22,3; e. PEF/TiO2/DE40,1; f. PEF/TiO2/DE40,3; g. PEF/TiO2/DE40,10
Samples | Reduced viscosity | The 2nd heating of DSC | TGA | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ηsp/C/(dL·g-1) | Tg/℃ | Tm/℃ | Td,5%/℃ | Tdmax/℃ | R600/% | |
PEF | 0.20 | 86.5 | 216.8 | 369.4 | 416.1 | 14.0 |
PEF/TiO2 | 0.89 | 88.7 | 207.3 | 372.0 | 415.5 | 15.7 |
PEF/TiO2/DE3.5,3 | 0.66 | 87.1 | - | 377.8 | 421.6 | 14.5 |
PEF/TiO2/DE7,3 | 0.77 | 87.0 | - | 381.5 | 422.8 | 15.4 |
PEF/TiO2/DE22,3 | 0.80 | 87.1 | - | 375.2 | 421.0 | 14.0 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,1 | 0.76 | 86.0 | 209.8 | 377.8 | 421.8 | 15.0 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,3 | 0.88 | 86.3 | - | 377.0 | 424.5 | 14.7 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,5 | 0.78 | 86.5 | 210.0 | 378.8 | 424.1 | 15.2 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,7 | 0.80 | 87.0 | - | 375.0 | 419.6 | 15.3 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,9 | 0.75 | 85.5 | - | 375.5 | 419.5 | 15.3 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,10 | 0.70 | 86.8 | 206.5 | 375.3 | 417.0 | 15.8 |
Table 2 ηsp/C, DSC and TGA results of PEF, PEF/TiO2 and PEF/TiO2/DE composites
Samples | Reduced viscosity | The 2nd heating of DSC | TGA | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ηsp/C/(dL·g-1) | Tg/℃ | Tm/℃ | Td,5%/℃ | Tdmax/℃ | R600/% | |
PEF | 0.20 | 86.5 | 216.8 | 369.4 | 416.1 | 14.0 |
PEF/TiO2 | 0.89 | 88.7 | 207.3 | 372.0 | 415.5 | 15.7 |
PEF/TiO2/DE3.5,3 | 0.66 | 87.1 | - | 377.8 | 421.6 | 14.5 |
PEF/TiO2/DE7,3 | 0.77 | 87.0 | - | 381.5 | 422.8 | 15.4 |
PEF/TiO2/DE22,3 | 0.80 | 87.1 | - | 375.2 | 421.0 | 14.0 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,1 | 0.76 | 86.0 | 209.8 | 377.8 | 421.8 | 15.0 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,3 | 0.88 | 86.3 | - | 377.0 | 424.5 | 14.7 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,5 | 0.78 | 86.5 | 210.0 | 378.8 | 424.1 | 15.2 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,7 | 0.80 | 87.0 | - | 375.0 | 419.6 | 15.3 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,9 | 0.75 | 85.5 | - | 375.5 | 419.5 | 15.3 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,10 | 0.70 | 86.8 | 206.5 | 375.3 | 417.0 | 15.8 |
Fig.3 SEM patterns of PEF, PEF/TiO2 and PEF/TiO2/DE compositesNote: A. PEF; B. PEF/TiO2; C. PEF/TiO2/DE3.5,3; D. PEF/TiO2/DE7,3; E. PEF/TiO2/DE22,3; F. PEF/TiO2/DE40,1; G. PEF/TiO2/DE40,3; H. PEF/TiO2/DE40,7
Fig.4 XRD patterns of PEF/TiO2 and PEF/TiO2/DE compositesNote: a. 60 nm-TiO2; b. PEF/TiO2; c. PEF/TiO2/DE3.5,3; d. PEF/TiO2/DE7,3; e. PEF/TiO2/DE22,3; f. PEF/TiO2/DE40,1; g. PEF/TiO2/DE40,3; h. PEF/TiO2/DE40,5; i. PEF/TiO2/DE40,7; g. PEF/TiO2/DE40,9; k. PEF/TiO2/DE40,10; l. DE
Tensile modulus/MPa | Tensile strength/MPa | Elongation at break/% | 10-3 Impact strength/(J·m-2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PEF[ | 1 532 | 73 | 6.0 | 7.2 |
PEF/TiO2 | 2 485 | 74 | 4.0 | 21.3 |
PEF/TiO2/DE3.5,3 | 2 305 | 43 | 2.1 | 15.8 |
PEF/TiO2/DE7,3 | 2 430 | 51 | 2.4 | 22.7 |
PEF/TiO2/DE22,3 | 2 501 | 50 | 2.3 | 26.6 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,1 | 2 457 | 58 | 2.0 | 22.7 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,3 | 2 560 | 59 | 2.6 | 32.0 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,5 | 2 466 | 60 | 2.3 | 31.0 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,7 | 2 657 | 65 | 2.9 | 28.6 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,9 | 2 599 | 62 | 2.0 | 29.5 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,10 | 2 452 | 63 | 3.2 | 14.5 |
Table 3 Mechanical properties data of PEF, PEF/TiO2 and PEF/TiO2/DE composites
Tensile modulus/MPa | Tensile strength/MPa | Elongation at break/% | 10-3 Impact strength/(J·m-2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PEF[ | 1 532 | 73 | 6.0 | 7.2 |
PEF/TiO2 | 2 485 | 74 | 4.0 | 21.3 |
PEF/TiO2/DE3.5,3 | 2 305 | 43 | 2.1 | 15.8 |
PEF/TiO2/DE7,3 | 2 430 | 51 | 2.4 | 22.7 |
PEF/TiO2/DE22,3 | 2 501 | 50 | 2.3 | 26.6 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,1 | 2 457 | 58 | 2.0 | 22.7 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,3 | 2 560 | 59 | 2.6 | 32.0 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,5 | 2 466 | 60 | 2.3 | 31.0 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,7 | 2 657 | 65 | 2.9 | 28.6 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,9 | 2 599 | 62 | 2.0 | 29.5 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,10 | 2 452 | 63 | 3.2 | 14.5 |
CO2 permeability coefficient | O2 permeability coefficient | CO2/O2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PET[ | 0.13 | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | 2.17 |
PLA[ | 1.0 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 4.00 |
PEF[ | 0.01 | 13 | 0.011 | 5.45 | 0.91 |
PEF/TiO2 | 0.043 | 3.02 | 0.044 | 1.36 | 0.98 |
PEF/TiO2/DE3.5,3 | 0.095 | 1.37 | 0.086 | 0.70 | 1.10 |
PEF/TiO2/DE7,3 | 0.074 | 1.76 | 0.081 | 0.74 | 0.91 |
PEF/TiO2/DE22,3 | 0.063 | 2.06 | 0.079 | 0.76 | 0.80 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,1 | 0.037 | 3.51 | 0.038 | 1.58 | 0.97 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,3 | 0.063 | 2.06 | 0.067 | 0.90 | 0.94 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,5 | 0.032 | 4.06 | 0.032 | 1.88 | 1.00 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,7 | 0.028 | 4.64 | 0.029 | 2.07 | 0.97 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,9 | 0.055 | 2.36 | 0.044 | 1.36 | 1.25 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,10 | 0.043 | 3.02 | 0.041 | 1.46 | 1.05 |
Table 4 PCO2, PO2, BIFCO2,BIFO2 and CO2/O2 of PEF, PEF/TiO2 and PEF/TiO2/DE composites
CO2 permeability coefficient | O2 permeability coefficient | CO2/O2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PET[ | 0.13 | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | 2.17 |
PLA[ | 1.0 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 4.00 |
PEF[ | 0.01 | 13 | 0.011 | 5.45 | 0.91 |
PEF/TiO2 | 0.043 | 3.02 | 0.044 | 1.36 | 0.98 |
PEF/TiO2/DE3.5,3 | 0.095 | 1.37 | 0.086 | 0.70 | 1.10 |
PEF/TiO2/DE7,3 | 0.074 | 1.76 | 0.081 | 0.74 | 0.91 |
PEF/TiO2/DE22,3 | 0.063 | 2.06 | 0.079 | 0.76 | 0.80 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,1 | 0.037 | 3.51 | 0.038 | 1.58 | 0.97 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,3 | 0.063 | 2.06 | 0.067 | 0.90 | 0.94 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,5 | 0.032 | 4.06 | 0.032 | 1.88 | 1.00 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,7 | 0.028 | 4.64 | 0.029 | 2.07 | 0.97 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,9 | 0.055 | 2.36 | 0.044 | 1.36 | 1.25 |
PEF/TiO2/DE40,10 | 0.043 | 3.02 | 0.041 | 1.46 | 1.05 |
PEF | PEF/TiO2 | PEF/TiO2/DE3.5,3 | PEF/TiO2/DE 7,3 | PEF/TiO2/DE 22,3 | PEF/TiO2/DE40,3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UVA/% | 45.38 | 83.85 | 84.58 | 88.04 | 84.25 | 86.00 |
UVB/% | 97.18 | 99.89 | 99.86 | 99.89 | 99.87 | 99.86 |
PEF/TiO2/DE 40,1 | PEF/TiO2/DE40,3 | PEF/TiO2DE40,5 | PEF/TiO2/DE40,7 | PEF/TiO2/DE40,9 | PEF/TiO2/DE40,10 | |
UVA/% | 84.58 | 86.00 | 86.69 | 85.58 | 86.05 | 84.81 |
UVB/% | 99.90 | 99.86 | 99.90 | 99.90 | 99.91 | 99.90 |
Table 5 UV blocking parameters in UVA and UVB of PEF, PEF/TiO2 and PEF/TiO2/DE composites
PEF | PEF/TiO2 | PEF/TiO2/DE3.5,3 | PEF/TiO2/DE 7,3 | PEF/TiO2/DE 22,3 | PEF/TiO2/DE40,3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UVA/% | 45.38 | 83.85 | 84.58 | 88.04 | 84.25 | 86.00 |
UVB/% | 97.18 | 99.89 | 99.86 | 99.89 | 99.87 | 99.86 |
PEF/TiO2/DE 40,1 | PEF/TiO2/DE40,3 | PEF/TiO2DE40,5 | PEF/TiO2/DE40,7 | PEF/TiO2/DE40,9 | PEF/TiO2/DE40,10 | |
UVA/% | 84.58 | 86.00 | 86.69 | 85.58 | 86.05 | 84.81 |
UVB/% | 99.90 | 99.86 | 99.90 | 99.90 | 99.91 | 99.90 |
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