Comprehensive Design of Mineral Medicine Cinnabar Processing for Inorganic Chemistry Experiments in Chinese Medicine Colleges and Universities

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240401

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 1272-1281.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240401

• Chemistry Teaching and Experiment Innovation • Previous Articles Next Articles

Comprehensive Design of Mineral Medicine Cinnabar Processing for Inorganic Chemistry Experiments in Chinese Medicine Colleges and Universities

Yu-Zhou ZHUO¹^,²(), Jing HU³

^1.Department of Basic Chemistry，School of Pharmacy，Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Guiyang 550025，China
^2.Research Center of Medicinal Minerals，Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Guiyang 550025，China
^3.State Key Laboratory for Critical Mineral Research and Exploration，Institute of Geochemistry，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Guiyang 550081，China

Received:2024-12-09 Accepted:2025-07-21 Published:2025-09-01 Online:2025-09-28
Contact: Yu-Zhou ZHUO
About author:2703712524@qq.com
Supported by:
the Undergraduate Teaching Content and Curriculum System Reform Project of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine （Gui Zhong Yi Jiao Xue Gong Cheng He Zi（2024）42） and Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program （Natural Science）［ZK（2024）general 348］

Abstract

Abstract:

The teaching content of inorganic chemistry courses offered by colleges and universities in hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine is trivial and difficult to understand， and students are not very active in learning. The main reason is that students think that learning inorganic chemistry has little connection with the subsequent professional courses related to traditional Chinese medicine. In view of this， this paper takes the processing and chemical composition test experiment of cinnabar， a mineral traditional Chinese medicine， as an example， and uses scanning electron microscope （SEM）， X-ray fluorescence spectrometer （XRF）， inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） to test the microstructure and mass fraction of main and trace elements of cinnabar. The results show that the particle size of cinnabar becomes smaller and more uniform after processing by water grinding preparation， and the mass fraction of mercury （Hg） and sulphur （S） elements decreases. These results may be an important basis for enhancing the effect and reducing the toxicity of cinnabar after processing. Cinnabar processing and chemical composition test experiment are closely connected with the inorganic chemistry course and the basic content of Chinese pharmacy. The establishment of this experiment can improve the enthusiasm of students to learn inorganic chemistry， provide a certain degree of support for inorganic chemistry courses and Chinese medicine subject groups， and play a certain role in improving the quality of inorganic chemistry teaching and training compound and applied Chinese medicine professionals. In addition， the experimental instruments used are relatively routine， the experimental operation is simple， and the teachers of Chinese medicine colleges and universities have certain knowledge of Chinese medicine， so it is feasible and has certain practical significance to set up mineral medicine cinnabar processing and component testing experiments in Chinese medicine colleges and universities.

Key words: Mineral drug, Cinnabar, Trace elements, Inorganic chemistry, Elemental chemistry

CLC Number:

O611

Yu-Zhou ZHUO, Jing HU. Comprehensive Design of Mineral Medicine Cinnabar Processing for Inorganic Chemistry Experiments in Chinese Medicine Colleges and Universities[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2025, 42(9): 1272-1281.

Figures/Tables 6

References 16

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Elements	w（cinnabar mineral powder）/%	w（cinnabar water-flying product）/%	w（cinnabar water-flying residual）/%
O	23.76	39.32	37.755
Mg	0.153	0.197	0.596
Al	0.073	0.141	0.081
Si	0.46	0.418	1.339
S	13.74	11.89	11.4
Ca	0.476	1.34	4.651
Fe	0.238	0.428	2.83
Se	0.23	0.147	0.178
Hg	60.62	45.59	39.9

Elements	w（cinnabar mineral powder）/%	w（cinnabar water-flying product）/%	w（cinnabar water-flying residual）/%
O	23.76	39.32	37.755
Mg	0.153	0.197	0.596
Al	0.073	0.141	0.081
Si	0.46	0.418	1.339
S	13.74	11.89	11.4
Ca	0.476	1.34	4.651
Fe	0.238	0.428	2.83
Se	0.23	0.147	0.178
Hg	60.62	45.59	39.9

Elements	Standard sample 1	Standard sample 2	Standard sample 3	Cinnabar mineral powder	Cinnabar water-flying product	Cinnabar water-flying residual
Li	0.009 54	0.001 09	0.002 06	0.0000141	0.000 121 4	0.000 066
V	0.012 4	0.012 1	0.010 1	0.000 0	0.000 053 9	0.000 078
Cr	0.006 83	0.001 63	0.018 4	0.000 059 6	0.000 076 7	0.000 158
Co	0.002 81	0.001 62	0.001 99	0.000 003 1	0.000 010 2	0.000 059
Cu	0.004 12	0.005 14	0.003 08	0.002 27	0.003 26	0.014 5
Zn	0.010 9	0.009 06	0.008 03	0.126 8	0.157 0	0.230 3
Ga	0.002 36	0.002 02	0.001 9	0.000 062 5	0.000 051 5	0.000 061
Ge	0.000 177	0.000 093 1	0.000 085 9	0.000 417 9	0.000 352	0.000 361
Rb	0.011 6	0.006 77	0.005 71	0.000 028 1	0.000 038 6	0.000 039 9
Sr	0.013 6	0.063 4	0.036 4	0.000 29	0.002 87	0.008 7
Y	0.002 73	0.001 97	0.001 73	0.000 083 5	0.000 094 2	0.000 184
Zr	0.017 6	0.023 2	0.022 7	0.000 045 9	0.000 602	0.009 5
Mo	0.000 088 7	0.000 205	0.000 17	0.000 185	0.000 262	0.001 16
Ag	0.000 020 8	0.000 023 1	0.000 016 8	0.000 152	0.000 145	0.000 233
Cd	0.000 01	0.000 011 8	0.000 007 2	0.007 49	0.009 47	0.022 2
In	0.000 009 6	0.000 004 8	0.000 004	0.000 062	0.000 079 6	0.000 156
Sb	0.000 055	0.000 046 9	0.000 003 4	0.001 3	0.001 96	0.006 85
Cs	0.000 813	0.000 116	0.000 032 5	0.000 001 1	0.000 006 5	0.000 003 5
Ba	0.048 4	0.117 4	0.086	0.045 9	1.055 6	1.548 4
La	0.003 44	0.003 81	0.005 05	0.000 442	0.000 519	0.000 71
Ce	0.007 71	0.006 67	0.010 2	0.001 03	0.001 09	0.001 53
Pr	0.000 804	0.000 781	0.001 11	0.000 12	0.000 121	0.000 177
Nd	0.003 02	0.003	0.004 14	0.000 456	0.000 458	0.000 655
Sm	0.000 614	0.000 552	0.000 651	0.000 056 8	0.000 055 8	0.000 083
Eu	0.000 139	0.000 152	0.000 176	0.000 007 3	0.000 009	0.000 013 6
Gd	0.000 536	0.000 457	0.000 46	0.000 041 9	0.000 041 8	0.000 063
Tb	0.000 085 3	0.000 064 5	0.000 059 3	0.000 004 7	0.000 004 6	0.000 007 3
Dy	0.000 519	0.000 355	0.000 306	0.000 0191	0.000 018 5	0.000 034 3
Ho	0.000 106	0.000 067 9	0.000 065 6	0.000 002 8	0.000 002 8	0.000 006 5
Er	0.000 304	0.000 184	0.000 191	0.000 005 8	0.000 006 4	0.000 016 6
Tm	0.000 046 3	0.000 025 6	0.000 028 9	0.000 000 5	0.000 000 7	0.000 002 6
Yb	0.000 308	0.000 164	0.000 195	0.000 002 4	0.000 003 5	0.000 019 7
Lu	0.000 046 7	0.000 024 9	0.000 029 7	0.000 000 3	0.000 000 5	0.000 003 2
Ta	0.000 111	0.000 090 1	0.000 041 5	0.000 000 3	0.000 001	0.000 003 7
W	0.000 139	0.000 055 6	0.000 027 5	0.000 076 8	0.000 052 9	0.000 05
Tl	0.0000 544	0.000 027 2	0.000 029	0.000 064 9	0.000 074 3	0.000 197
Pb	0.002 93	0.001 35	0.001 38	0.007 49	0.015 4	0.032 6
Bi	0.000 063	0.00 0015	0.000 001 4	0.000 017	0.000 023 9	0.000 025
Th	0.001 16	0.000 602	0.001 13	0.000 017 5	0.000 025 3	0.000 066
U	0.000 201	0.000 19	0.000 085 8	0.000 015 1	0.000 019 7	0.000 086 5

Elements	Standard sample 1	Standard sample 2	Standard sample 3	Cinnabar mineral powder	Cinnabar water-flying product	Cinnabar water-flying residual
Li	0.009 54	0.001 09	0.002 06	0.0000141	0.000 121 4	0.000 066
V	0.012 4	0.012 1	0.010 1	0.000 0	0.000 053 9	0.000 078
Cr	0.006 83	0.001 63	0.018 4	0.000 059 6	0.000 076 7	0.000 158
Co	0.002 81	0.001 62	0.001 99	0.000 003 1	0.000 010 2	0.000 059
Cu	0.004 12	0.005 14	0.003 08	0.002 27	0.003 26	0.014 5
Zn	0.010 9	0.009 06	0.008 03	0.126 8	0.157 0	0.230 3
Ga	0.002 36	0.002 02	0.001 9	0.000 062 5	0.000 051 5	0.000 061
Ge	0.000 177	0.000 093 1	0.000 085 9	0.000 417 9	0.000 352	0.000 361
Rb	0.011 6	0.006 77	0.005 71	0.000 028 1	0.000 038 6	0.000 039 9
Sr	0.013 6	0.063 4	0.036 4	0.000 29	0.002 87	0.008 7
Y	0.002 73	0.001 97	0.001 73	0.000 083 5	0.000 094 2	0.000 184
Zr	0.017 6	0.023 2	0.022 7	0.000 045 9	0.000 602	0.009 5
Mo	0.000 088 7	0.000 205	0.000 17	0.000 185	0.000 262	0.001 16
Ag	0.000 020 8	0.000 023 1	0.000 016 8	0.000 152	0.000 145	0.000 233
Cd	0.000 01	0.000 011 8	0.000 007 2	0.007 49	0.009 47	0.022 2
In	0.000 009 6	0.000 004 8	0.000 004	0.000 062	0.000 079 6	0.000 156
Sb	0.000 055	0.000 046 9	0.000 003 4	0.001 3	0.001 96	0.006 85
Cs	0.000 813	0.000 116	0.000 032 5	0.000 001 1	0.000 006 5	0.000 003 5
Ba	0.048 4	0.117 4	0.086	0.045 9	1.055 6	1.548 4
La	0.003 44	0.003 81	0.005 05	0.000 442	0.000 519	0.000 71
Ce	0.007 71	0.006 67	0.010 2	0.001 03	0.001 09	0.001 53
Pr	0.000 804	0.000 781	0.001 11	0.000 12	0.000 121	0.000 177
Nd	0.003 02	0.003	0.004 14	0.000 456	0.000 458	0.000 655
Sm	0.000 614	0.000 552	0.000 651	0.000 056 8	0.000 055 8	0.000 083
Eu	0.000 139	0.000 152	0.000 176	0.000 007 3	0.000 009	0.000 013 6
Gd	0.000 536	0.000 457	0.000 46	0.000 041 9	0.000 041 8	0.000 063
Tb	0.000 085 3	0.000 064 5	0.000 059 3	0.000 004 7	0.000 004 6	0.000 007 3
Dy	0.000 519	0.000 355	0.000 306	0.000 0191	0.000 018 5	0.000 034 3
Ho	0.000 106	0.000 067 9	0.000 065 6	0.000 002 8	0.000 002 8	0.000 006 5
Er	0.000 304	0.000 184	0.000 191	0.000 005 8	0.000 006 4	0.000 016 6
Tm	0.000 046 3	0.000 025 6	0.000 028 9	0.000 000 5	0.000 000 7	0.000 002 6
Yb	0.000 308	0.000 164	0.000 195	0.000 002 4	0.000 003 5	0.000 019 7
Lu	0.000 046 7	0.000 024 9	0.000 029 7	0.000 000 3	0.000 000 5	0.000 003 2
Ta	0.000 111	0.000 090 1	0.000 041 5	0.000 000 3	0.000 001	0.000 003 7
W	0.000 139	0.000 055 6	0.000 027 5	0.000 076 8	0.000 052 9	0.000 05
Tl	0.0000 544	0.000 027 2	0.000 029	0.000 064 9	0.000 074 3	0.000 197
Pb	0.002 93	0.001 35	0.001 38	0.007 49	0.015 4	0.032 6
Bi	0.000 063	0.00 0015	0.000 001 4	0.000 017	0.000 023 9	0.000 025
Th	0.001 16	0.000 602	0.001 13	0.000 017 5	0.000 025 3	0.000 066
U	0.000 201	0.000 19	0.000 085 8	0.000 015 1	0.000 019 7	0.000 086 5

Comprehensive Design of Mineral Medicine Cinnabar Processing for Inorganic Chemistry Experiments in Chinese Medicine Colleges and Universities

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