Influence of Vanadium Tailings on the Thermal Stability and Electrical Conductivity of Expanded Graphite/ Paraffin Composite Phase Change Materials

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210089

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 461-469.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210089

• Full Papers • Previous Articles Next Articles

Influence of Vanadium Tailings on the Thermal Stability and Electrical Conductivity of Expanded Graphite/ Paraffin Composite Phase Change Materials

Zhong XU(), Jun LI, En-Hui WU, Yan JIANG

College of Vanadium and Titanium，Panzhihua University，Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solar Technology Integration，Application and Solar Technology Integration Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of University，Panzhihua 617000，China

Received:2021-03-01 Accepted:2021-06-28 Published:2022-03-01 Online:2022-03-15
Contact: Zhong XU
About author:418968604@qq.com
Supported by:
the Seed Fund ‘Double Creation’ Project of Panzhihua University Science Park Development Co., Ltd(2019-07);the National College Students Innovation Project(201911360002);the Key Laboratory Project of Solar Energy University of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education(2018TYNSYS-Y-04);the Guiding Science and Technology Program of Panzhihua City in 2019(2021ZD-S-4)

Abstract

Abstract:

Paraffin （PW） is used as the main phase change material， different expanded graphites（EG-300， EG-350 and EG-400） are used as the framework，and vanadium tailings （VT） are used as electrical conductivity enhancing agents. All composite phase change materials （CPCM） are prepared by melt-blending method， and the thermal stability and electrical conductivity of CPCM are tested and analyzed. The results show that it is found that all the mass loss rate of VT/EG/PW material is below 0.08% after 60 energy storage/release cycles too， and the mass loss rate of EG/PW material is less than 0.03%. Addition of VT has little effect on the thermal stability of the material. Linear fitting shows a linear relationship between the mass loss rate and cycle times（R² between 0.06143 and 0.85924）. The resistivity of the EG/PW composite phase change materials decreases with increasing the pressure，and the law is consistent after adding micron-level TVs， only the resistivity of EG-300/PW decreases as the amount of VT increases. The addition amount should be controlled within 2%. Adding VT can enhance the conductive properties of the composite. When the pressure is changed from 2 MPa to 8 MPa， the resistivity decrease rate is less than 49%. The resistivity decrease rate of the composite material becomes larger， after adding VT. Adding VT can increase the pressure sensitivity of the resistivity of the composite. Exponential fitting shows high exponential correlation between the resistivity and the pressure of CPCM.

Key words: Composite phase change materials, Expanded graphite, Vanadium tailings, Thermal conductivity, Resistivities

CLC Number:

O621

Zhong XU, Jun LI, En-Hui WU, Yan JIANG. Influence of Vanadium Tailings on the Thermal Stability and Electrical Conductivity of Expanded Graphite/ Paraffin Composite Phase Change Materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2022, 39(3): 461-469.

Figures/Tables 6

References 27

1	ZHAO Y Q， JIN L， ZOU B Y， et al. Expanded graphite-paraffin composite phase change materials： effect of particle size on the composite structure and properties［J］. Appl Therm Eng， 2020， 171（8）： 115015.
2	CAI Z D， LIU J， ZHOU Y X， et al. Flexible phase change materials with enhanced tensile strength， thermal conductivity and photo-thermal performance［J］. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells， 2021， 219（1）： 110728.
3	赵明伟，左孝青，杨牧南，等. 泡沫铝-石蜡复合相变材料的蓄放热性能研究［J］. 功能材料与器件学报， 2012， 18（5）： 391-396.
	ZHAO M W， ZUO X Q， YANG M N， et al. Thermal storage and release properties of aluminum foam-paraffin composite phase change materials［J］. J Funct Mater Devices， 2012， 18（5）： 391-396.
4	万倩，肖浩南，钱京，等. 泡沫铁对石蜡相变储热过程的影响［J］. 储能科学与技术， 2020， 9（1）： 94-100.
	WAN Q， XIAO H N， QIAN J， et al. Influence of iron foam on paraffin phase change heat storage process［J］. Energy Storage Sci Technol， 2020， 9（1）： 94-100.
5	高丽媛，杨宾，郝梦琳，等. 碳纳米管/石蜡复合相变材料热性能的实验研究［J］. 应用化工， 2019， 48（4）： 752-754， 761.
	GAO L Y， YANG B， HAO M L， et al. Experimental study on thermal properties of carbon nanotube/paraffin composite phase change materials［J］. Appl Chem Ind， 2019， 48（4）： 752-754， 761.
6	高丽媛，杨宾，郝梦琳，等. 石蜡基纳米金属复合相变材料热性能的实验研究［J］. 河北工业大学学报， 2019， 48（1）： 51-56.
	GAO L Y， YANG B， HAO M L， et al. Experimental study on thermal properties of nanometal-paraffin composite phase change materials［J］. J Hebei Univ Technol， 2019， 48（1）： 51-56.
7	周宇飞，袁一鸣，仇中柱，等. 纳米铝和石墨烯量子点改性的相变微胶囊的制备及特性［J］. 材料导报， 2019， 33（6）： 932-935.
	ZHOU Y F， YUAN Y M， QIU Z Z， et al. Fabrication and characteristics of microencapsulated phase change materials modified by graphene quantum dots and aluminum nano powders［J］. Mater Rep， 2019， 33（6）： 932-935.
8	王大伟，余荣升，晏华，等. 碳纤维/石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变材料的制备及强化传热研究［J］. 材料导报， 2014， 28（24）： 70-73.
	WANG D W， YU R S， YAN H， et al. Study on preparation and heat transfer enhancement of carbon fiber/paraffin/expanded graphite phase change composites［J］.Mater Rep， 2014， 28（24）： 70-73.
9	李果，欧阳婷，蒋朝，等. 碳纤维-纳米石墨片网络体导热增强石蜡相变储能复合材料的制备及表征［J］. 复合材料学报， 2020， 37（5）： 1130-1137.
	LI G，OU Y T， JIANG C， et al. Preparation and characterization of carbon fiber-graphite nanoplatelets network reinforced paraffin phase change composites［J］. Acta Mater Compositae Sin， 2020， 37（5）： 1130-1137.
10	李新芳，赵素芬，吴淑英，等. 纳米复合材料的制备及相变特性研究［J］. 化工新型材料， 2019， 47（7）： 60-63.
	LI X F， ZHAO S F， WU S Y， et al. Synthesis and phase change characteristics of nano-composite［J］. New Chem Mater， 2019， 47（7）： 60-63.
11	任学明，沈鸿烈，杨艳. 膨胀石墨/石蜡复合相变材料的碳纳米管掺杂改性研究［J］. 功能材料， 2019， 50（6）： 6008-6012.
	REN X M， SHENG H L， YANG Y. Study on the preparation and characterization of expanded graphite/paraffin composite CNTs modified PCM［J］. J Funct Mater， 2019， 50（6）： 6008-6012.
12	ZHANG Y F， LI W， HUANG J H， et al. Expanded graphite/paraffin/silicone rubber as high temperature form-stabilized phase change materials for thermal energy storage and thermal interface materials［J］. Materials， 2020， 13（4）： 894.
13	KAO H T， LI M， LV X W， et al. Preparation and thermal properties of expanded graphite/paraffin/organic montmorillonite composite phase change material［J］. J Therm Anal Calorim， 2012， 107（1）： 299-303.
14	王青青，范鹏远，陈玉明，等. 膨胀石墨/石蜡复合相变材料热-电特性实验研究［J］. 塑料工业， 2018， 46（9）： 129-133， 137.
	WANG Q Q， FAN P Y， CHEN Y M， et al. Experimental study on the thermo-physical and electrical properties of paraffin/expanded graphite composite phase change materials［J］. China Plast Ind， 2018， 46（9）： 129-133， 137.
15	YU C B， YOUN J R， SONG Y S. Encapsulated phase change material embedded by graphene powders for smart and flexible thermal response［J］. Fibers Polym， 2019， 20（3）： 545-554.
16	ZHANG J Y， LI X X， ZHANG G Q， et al. Characterization and experimental investigation of aluminum nitride-based composite phase change materials for battery thermal management［J］. Energy Convers Manage， 2020， 204（2）： 112319.
17	HUANG J H， ZHANG B N， HE M， et al. Preparation of anisotropic reduced graphene oxide/BN/paraffin composite phase change materials and investigation of their thermal properties［J］. J Mater Sci， 2020， 55（17）： 7337-7350.
18	颜品萍，罗富彬，黄宝铨，等. 导热增强聚乙二醇相变复合材料的制备及其性能［J］. 应用化学， 2020， 37（1）： 46-53.
	YAN P P， LUO F B， HUANG B Q， et al. Properties of thermal conductivity enhanced polyethylene glycol-based phase change composites［J］. Chinese J Appl Chem， 2020， 37（1）： 46-53.
19	李春蕾，高凯，赵磊，等. 蒸镀法制备导电聚吡咯相变复合材料［J］. 天津工业大学学报， 2013， 32（3）： 19-23.
	LI C L， GAO K， ZHAO L， et al. Fabrication of conductive polypyrrole coated phase change composites using evaporate plating method［J］. J Tiangong Univ， 2013， 32（3）： 19-23.
20	任苗. 导电相变储热混凝土的制备及性能研究［D］. 哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学， 2018.
	REN M. Preparation and performance research of electrical conductive concrete incorporating phase change thermal storage［D］. Harbin：Harbin Institute of Technology， 2018.
21	何丽红，杨帆，佟禹，等. 石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变材料在冷拌沥青混合料中的应用［J］. 公路， 2016， 61（8）： 181-185.
	HE L H， YANG F， TONG Y， et al. Application of phase change fine aggregate in cold mix asphalt mixture［J］. Highway， 2016， 61（8）： 181-185.
22	高学农，李得伦，孙滔，等.石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变材料控温电子散热器的性能［J］. 华南理工大学学报（自然科学版）， 2012， 40（1）： 7-12.
	GAO X N， LI D L， SUN T， et al. Performance of temperature controlled electronic heat sink with composite paraffin/expanded graphite phase change material［J］. J South China Univ Technol Nat Sci， 2012， 40（1）： 7-12
23	徐众，万书权，邓建梅，等. 石蜡/不同粒径膨胀石墨复合相变材料的制备及性能研究［J］.化工新型材料， 2017， 45（5）： 57-60.
	XU Z， WAN S Q， DENG J M， et al. Preparation and performance study on phase change material composite of paraffin/different particle sized expanded graphite［J］. New Chem Mater， 2017， 45（5）： 57-60.
24	徐众，侯静，李军，等. 提钒尾渣对膨胀石墨/石蜡复合相变材料导热性能的影响［J］. 化工新型材料， 2021， 49（5）： 115-119.
	XU Z， HOU J， LI J， et al. Influence of vanadium tailing on the thermal conductivity performance of EG/PW phase change composite material［J］. New Chem Mater， 2021， 49（5）： 115-119.
25	徐众，万书权，韩洪波，等. 天然鳞片石墨制备可膨胀石墨的工艺研究［J］. 无机盐工业， 2016， 48（5）： 30-34.
	XU Z， WAN S Q， HAN H B， et al. Study on preparation of expandable graphite from natural flake graphite［J］. Inorg Chem Ind， 2016， 48（5）： 30-34.
26	徐众，黄平，吴恩辉，等. 膨胀石墨/石蜡复合相变材料的电阻率分析［J］. 储能科学与技术， 2019， 8（2）： 371-378.
	XU Z， HUANG P， WU E H， et al. Analysis of electrical resistivity of expanded graphite/paraffin composite phase change material［J］. Energy Storage Sci Technol， 2019， 8（02）： 371-378.
27	华建社，张娇，张焱，等. 膨胀石墨/石蜡复合相变蓄热材料的热性能及定形性研究［J］. 材料导报， 2016， 30（12）： 61-64， 75.
	HUA J H， ZHANG J， ZHSANG Y， et al. Study on thermal properties and shape-stabilizing of expanded graphite/paraffin composite phase change material［J］. Mater Rep， 2016， 30（12）： 61-64， 75.

材料 Material	指数拟合方程 Exponential fitting equation	决定系数 R²
A6	y=0.02655+0.06506×exp（-x/2.12372）	0.995 00
B4	y=0.02461+0.05645×exp（-x/2.24935）	0.991 06
C6	y=0.08794+0.70602×exp（-x/0.78776）	0.992 20
D1	y=0.02169+0.08178×exp（-x/1.74085）	0.990 50
D2	y=0.02015+0.06898×exp（-x/1.62108）	0.991 31
D3	y=0.02235+0.04905×exp（-x/1.99365）	0.994 59
E1	y=0.05462+0.23657×exp（-x/1.16651）	0.968 61
E2	y=0.06411+0.19818×exp（-x/1.38570）	0.976 41
E3	y=0.12469+0.47488×exp（-x/1.55865）	0.995 75
F1	y=0.02835+0.08304×exp（-x/1.63653）	0.995 13
F2	y=0.15934+0.56590×exp（-x/1.39634）	0.995 23
F3	y=0.23468+0.66248×exp（-x/1.73287）	0.988 31

材料 Material	指数拟合方程 Exponential fitting equation	决定系数 R²
A6	y=0.02655+0.06506×exp（-x/2.12372）	0.995 00
B4	y=0.02461+0.05645×exp（-x/2.24935）	0.991 06
C6	y=0.08794+0.70602×exp（-x/0.78776）	0.992 20
D1	y=0.02169+0.08178×exp（-x/1.74085）	0.990 50
D2	y=0.02015+0.06898×exp（-x/1.62108）	0.991 31
D3	y=0.02235+0.04905×exp（-x/1.99365）	0.994 59
E1	y=0.05462+0.23657×exp（-x/1.16651）	0.968 61
E2	y=0.06411+0.19818×exp（-x/1.38570）	0.976 41
E3	y=0.12469+0.47488×exp（-x/1.55865）	0.995 75
F1	y=0.02835+0.08304×exp（-x/1.63653）	0.995 13
F2	y=0.15934+0.56590×exp（-x/1.39634）	0.995 23
F3	y=0.23468+0.66248×exp（-x/1.73287）	0.988 31

	压力 Pressure/MPa	数值 Value	A6	B4	C6	D1	D2	D3	E1	E2	E3	F1	F2	F3
电阻率 Resistivity/ （Ω·cm）	2	实验值 Experimental	0.054 0	0.045 9	0.140 7	0.045 7	0.039 1	0.038 8	0.095 8	0.114 9	0.256 1	0.050 1	0.272 0	0.516 5
	2	拟合值 fitting	0.051 9	0.047 8	0.143 7	0.047 6	0.040 2	0.040 3	0.097 2	0.110 9	0.256 3	0.052 8	0.294 5	0.443 6
	4	实验值 Experimental	0.036 4	0.032 5	0.106 9	0.031 2	0.027 6	0.028 1	0.069 7	0.082 3	0.159 6	0.036 4	0.180 3	0.339 9
	4	拟合值 fitting	0.036 4	0.034 1	0.092 3	0.029 9	0.026 0	0.028 9	0.062 3	0.075 2	0.161 2	0.035 6	0.191 6	0.300 5
	6	实验值 Experimental	0.030 9	0.028 8	0.096 7	0.026 3	0.023 4	0.024 5	0.059 1	0.070 8	0.135 8	0.032 1	0.149 8	0.297 8
	6	拟合值 fitting	0.030 4	0.028 5	0.088 3	0.024 3	0.021 9	0.024 8	0.056 0	0.066 7	0.134 8	0.030 5	0.167 0	0.255 5
	8	实验值 Experimental	0.028 5	0.027 4	0.093 0	0.023 9	0.021 4	0.022 9	0.056 6	0.065 6	0.135 4	0.029 8	0.141 2	0.280 0
	8	拟合值 fitting	0.028 1	0.026 2	0.088 0	0.022 5	0.020 6	0.023 2	0.054 9	0.064 7	0.127 5	0.029 0	0.1612	0.241 2
下降率 Rate of decline/%		实验值 Experimental	47.2	40.3	33.9	47.7	45.3	41.0	40.9	42.9	47.1	40.5	48.1	45.8
下降率 Rate of decline/%		拟合值 fitting	46.0	45.2	38.8	52.7	48.7	42.4	43.6	41.6	50.3	45.1	45.3	45.6

	压力 Pressure/MPa	数值 Value	A6	B4	C6	D1	D2	D3	E1	E2	E3	F1	F2	F3
电阻率 Resistivity/ （Ω·cm）	2	实验值 Experimental	0.054 0	0.045 9	0.140 7	0.045 7	0.039 1	0.038 8	0.095 8	0.114 9	0.256 1	0.050 1	0.272 0	0.516 5
	2	拟合值 fitting	0.051 9	0.047 8	0.143 7	0.047 6	0.040 2	0.040 3	0.097 2	0.110 9	0.256 3	0.052 8	0.294 5	0.443 6
	4	实验值 Experimental	0.036 4	0.032 5	0.106 9	0.031 2	0.027 6	0.028 1	0.069 7	0.082 3	0.159 6	0.036 4	0.180 3	0.339 9
	4	拟合值 fitting	0.036 4	0.034 1	0.092 3	0.029 9	0.026 0	0.028 9	0.062 3	0.075 2	0.161 2	0.035 6	0.191 6	0.300 5
	6	实验值 Experimental	0.030 9	0.028 8	0.096 7	0.026 3	0.023 4	0.024 5	0.059 1	0.070 8	0.135 8	0.032 1	0.149 8	0.297 8
	6	拟合值 fitting	0.030 4	0.028 5	0.088 3	0.024 3	0.021 9	0.024 8	0.056 0	0.066 7	0.134 8	0.030 5	0.167 0	0.255 5
	8	实验值 Experimental	0.028 5	0.027 4	0.093 0	0.023 9	0.021 4	0.022 9	0.056 6	0.065 6	0.135 4	0.029 8	0.141 2	0.280 0
	8	拟合值 fitting	0.028 1	0.026 2	0.088 0	0.022 5	0.020 6	0.023 2	0.054 9	0.064 7	0.127 5	0.029 0	0.1612	0.241 2
下降率 Rate of decline/%		实验值 Experimental	47.2	40.3	33.9	47.7	45.3	41.0	40.9	42.9	47.1	40.5	48.1	45.8
下降率 Rate of decline/%		拟合值 fitting	46.0	45.2	38.8	52.7	48.7	42.4	43.6	41.6	50.3	45.1	45.3	45.6

[1]	LI Yi, CHENG Hong-Da, YU Yan-Cun, HAN Chang-Yu, CHEN Guang-Jian, ZHU Ying-Nan. Performance of Thermal Conductive High Density Polyethylene Composite [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2021, 38(8): 954-960.
[2]	WANG Yu-Cheng, QI Ying-Xia, LU Yi-Xuan, LU Yang. Preparation and Heat Storage/Release of Paraffin/Octadecanoic Acid/Octadecanol Composite [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2021, 38(8): 969-975.
[3]	DUAN Jinchi, QI Yunxia, SHI Chengying, ZHAO Qi, LIU Baijun, SUN Zhaoyan, XU Yiquan, HU Wei, ZHANG Niaona. Electron Beam Radiation Modification of Polyethylene Thermal Conductive Composites [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2020, 37(8): 896-903.
[4]	HE Yufang, YAN Pinping, HUANG Baoquan, LUO Fubin, LI Hongzhou, QIAN Qingrong, CHEN Qinghua. Thermal Conductivity and Crystallization Behavior of Polyethylene Glycol/Boron Nitride Phase Change Composites [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2020, 37(6): 650-657.
[5]	AN Pinping, LUO Fubin, HUANG Baoquan, XIAO Liren, QIAN Qingrong, LI Hongzhou, CHEN Qinghua. Properties of Thermal Conductivity Enhanced Polyethylene Glycol-Based Phase Change Composites [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2020, 37(1): 46-53.
[6]	WANG Wenxu,HUANG Bingyu,TAN Licheng,HAN Jihui,CHEN Lie,XU Haitao,CHEN Yiwang. Research Progress of Addition Type Liquid Silicone Rubber [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2018, 35(9): 1005-1012.
[7]	ZHANG Lili, DING Huimin, ZHANG Jitang, XU Donghua, LI Zhifeng. Thermal Conductivity and Flame Retardancy of Carbon Nanotube Modified Epoxy Resin [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2017, 34(1): 46-53.
[8]	FU Hui, CHONG Ling, QIU Jishan, WANG Yaqing, TIAN Yuanyuan, YOU Jichun, LI Yongjin. Electrical and Thermal Conductivity of Shape Memory Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Acrylic Rubber/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2014, 31(01): 25-28.
[9]	LIU Changling*, YANG Ning, ZHANG Zeyu. Preparation and Properties of Al₂O₃-Modified Epoxy Resin for Electronic Packaging [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2013, 30(12): 1417-1422.
[10]	CHEN Zhi-Dong, YUAN Jia, NI Jun-Hua, GAN Cong-Jiang, WANG Wen-Chang, KONG Yong*. Fabrication and Photoelectrocatalysis Performance of Expanded GraphiteSupported Anatase Nano Titanium Dioxide [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2011, 28(01): 39-43.
[11]	Xie Hongwei, Li Binyao. Thermal Properties of Phenolphthalein Poly(Ether Ketone) [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 1996, 0(6): 95-97.

Influence of Vanadium Tailings on the Thermal Stability and Electrical Conductivity of Expanded Graphite/ Paraffin Composite Phase Change Materials

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 6

References 27

Related Articles 11

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments