Abstract: The effects of incorporation of phosphoric acid on the carbonaceous materials have been investigated. Results of elemental analysis, XPS and XRD measurements show that phosphorus is in bond with carbon and oxygen atoms. At 600 , the incorporated phosphoric acid favors the cyclization, dehydrogenation and carbonization processes and both the nitrogen content and graphene nitrogens relative contents are increased. The bondage state of phosphorus leads the interlayer distance d₀₀₂ of carbon material to increase and the reversible capacity below and above 0.9 V increase with the amount of added phosphoric acid with the total value being up to 524 mAh/g. At 1000 , the carbonization degree is not much changed and the reversible capacity at about 10 V increases as a result of the incorporation of phosphorus atoms.

Key words: lithium ion secondary battery, carbon anode, phosphorus incorporation