Research Progress of Covalent Organic Framework Modified Silica Gel Composites in High Performance Liquid Chromatography

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240321

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 313-320.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240321

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Research Progress of Covalent Organic Framework Modified Silica Gel Composites in High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Zhen LI¹^,², Zi-Xia TANG¹^,², Yang-Yang ZHANG¹, Yu-Chen CAO¹, Pei-Ke FU¹, Mei LYU¹, Li-Tao WANG¹^,²()

^1.School of Pharmacy，Jining Medical University，Rizhao 276826，China
^2.School of Pharmacy，Shandong First Medical University，Jinan 250117，China

Received:2024-10-16 Accepted:2025-03-04 Published:2025-03-01 Online:2025-04-11
Contact: Li-Tao WANG
About author:wanglilvtao@163.com
Supported by:
the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019MB035)

Abstract

Abstract:

Covalent organic framework （COFs） has the advantages of high stability， easy modification and structural designability， and is regarded as a powerful choice for new stationary phase of high performance liquid chromatography. Although the application of COFs as chromatographic stationary phase is still in the initial stage， the development of new stationary phase materials to achieve efficient separation is still an important problem to be solved in the field of separation science. COFs silica gel composite material （COFs-SiO₂） combines the adjustable pore of COFs with the strong mechanical stability and pressure resistance of SiO₂， showing great potential in the field of chromatographic separation. In this paper， the advantages of COFs as stationary phase materials are summarized， and the design of COFs-SiO₂ composites by different connection methods such as triazine ring， imine bond， hydrazone bond and boron bond and its application in the separation of chiral compounds， isomers and environmental pollutant are introduced in detail. The application prospect of COFs-SiO₂ in high performance liquid chromatography was further prospected.

Key words: Covalent organic framework, High-performance liquid chromatography, Stationary phase, Composite materials

CLC Number:

O657.7

Zhen LI, Zi-Xia TANG, Yang-Yang ZHANG, Yu-Chen CAO, Pei-Ke FU, Mei LYU, Li-Tao WANG. Research Progress of Covalent Organic Framework Modified Silica Gel Composites in High Performance Liquid Chromatography[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2025, 42(3): 313-320.

Figures/Tables 3

References 41

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Stationary phase	Synthesis methods	Separated substance	Separation mode	Aperture/nm	specific surface area/（m2·g^-1）	Connection type	Ref.
CTF-SiO₂	Quiescence in room-temperature synthesis	Monosubstituted benzene， PAHs， phenol， aniline	RPLC		359	Triazine	［24］
CC-MP CCTF@SiO₂	In-situ growth strategy	Alcohols， phenols， amines， ketones， and organic acid	NPLC			Triazine	［25］
TAPT-DHTA-COF@SiO₂	In-situ growth strategy	Hydrophobic benzophenone， steroid hormones， phthalates， water-soluble nucleosides/bases	RPLC/HILIC	9.54	154.78	Imine	［26］
IL-COF@SiO₂	Green synthesis strategy	Alkylphenol， steroid hormones， bisphenols， nucleosides/bases， b vitamins， sulfonamides.	RPLC/HILIC			Imine	［27］
BTAMTH@SiO₂	One-pot synthetic method	Nitrotoluene， nitrochlorobenzene， beta-cypermethrin， metconazole.	RPLC/NPLC	1.41	723	Hydrazone	［28］
SiO₂@COF5	In-situ growth strategy	Alkyl benzenes， PAHs， anilines， acetophenones， benzaldehydes and isomers of hydroxyacetophenone	RPLC	7	373.93	Boronic ester	［29］

Stationary phase	Synthesis methods	Separated substance	Separation mode	Aperture/nm	specific surface area/（m2·g^-1）	Connection type	Ref.
CTF-SiO₂	Quiescence in room-temperature synthesis	Monosubstituted benzene， PAHs， phenol， aniline	RPLC		359	Triazine	［24］
CC-MP CCTF@SiO₂	In-situ growth strategy	Alcohols， phenols， amines， ketones， and organic acid	NPLC			Triazine	［25］
TAPT-DHTA-COF@SiO₂	In-situ growth strategy	Hydrophobic benzophenone， steroid hormones， phthalates， water-soluble nucleosides/bases	RPLC/HILIC	9.54	154.78	Imine	［26］
IL-COF@SiO₂	Green synthesis strategy	Alkylphenol， steroid hormones， bisphenols， nucleosides/bases， b vitamins， sulfonamides.	RPLC/HILIC			Imine	［27］
BTAMTH@SiO₂	One-pot synthetic method	Nitrotoluene， nitrochlorobenzene， beta-cypermethrin， metconazole.	RPLC/NPLC	1.41	723	Hydrazone	［28］
SiO₂@COF5	In-situ growth strategy	Alkyl benzenes， PAHs， anilines， acetophenones， benzaldehydes and isomers of hydroxyacetophenone	RPLC	7	373.93	Boronic ester	［29］

Stationary phase	Synthesis methods	Separated substance	Separation mode	Application classification	Ref.
（S）-DTP-COF@SiO₂	In-situ growth strategy	1-phenylethylamine， 1-（4-fuorophenyl） ethanol， 1-phenyl-1-pentanol， mandelic acid， styrene oxide， 4-chloroben-zhydrol， 4-phenyl-2-butanol， styrene oxide， 1，1′-bi-2-naphthol， and Dl-benzoin	RPLC/NPLC	Enantiomers	［36］
COF@CD@SiO₂	One-pot synthetic method	2-phenylpropionic acid， n-acetyl-l- phenylalanine， dopa， methyldopa， menthol and styrene oxide	HILIC	Enantiomers	［37］
NPS@TPB-DMTP	In-situ polymerization	benzenediol， triphenyl， p-phenylenediamine， aminophenol， nitroaniline and nitrophenol	RPLC	Isomers	［38］
SiO₂@COF	One-pot synthetic method	sulfadiazine tablets	RPLC	Complex sample	［39］
SiO₂@rLZU1	In-situ growth strategy	coking wastewater and fullerenes （C₆₀ and C₇₀）	RPLC/HILIC	Complex sample	［40］
CMON/CCOF@SiO₂	In-situ polymerization	environmental endocrine disruptors in water samples	RPLC	Complex sample	［41］

Stationary phase	Synthesis methods	Separated substance	Separation mode	Application classification	Ref.
（S）-DTP-COF@SiO₂	In-situ growth strategy	1-phenylethylamine， 1-（4-fuorophenyl） ethanol， 1-phenyl-1-pentanol， mandelic acid， styrene oxide， 4-chloroben-zhydrol， 4-phenyl-2-butanol， styrene oxide， 1，1′-bi-2-naphthol， and Dl-benzoin	RPLC/NPLC	Enantiomers	［36］
COF@CD@SiO₂	One-pot synthetic method	2-phenylpropionic acid， n-acetyl-l- phenylalanine， dopa， methyldopa， menthol and styrene oxide	HILIC	Enantiomers	［37］
NPS@TPB-DMTP	In-situ polymerization	benzenediol， triphenyl， p-phenylenediamine， aminophenol， nitroaniline and nitrophenol	RPLC	Isomers	［38］
SiO₂@COF	One-pot synthetic method	sulfadiazine tablets	RPLC	Complex sample	［39］
SiO₂@rLZU1	In-situ growth strategy	coking wastewater and fullerenes （C₆₀ and C₇₀）	RPLC/HILIC	Complex sample	［40］
CMON/CCOF@SiO₂	In-situ polymerization	environmental endocrine disruptors in water samples	RPLC	Complex sample	［41］

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Research Progress of Covalent Organic Framework Modified Silica Gel Composites in High Performance Liquid Chromatography

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