Flame Retardant Properties of Tannic Acid/Poly（Vinyl Alcohol）

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220088

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 69-78.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220088

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Flame Retardant Properties of Tannic Acid/Poly（Vinyl Alcohol）

Yuan LIN, Jia-Lian CHEN, Hong-Zhou LI()

College of Environmental and Resources，College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry，Engineering Research Center of Polymer Resources Green Recycling of Ministry of Education，Fujian Normal University，Fuzhou 350007，China

Received:2022-03-22 Accepted:2022-08-03 Published:2023-01-01 Online:2023-01-28
Contact: Hong-Zhou LI
About author:lihongzhou@fjnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2021J01198);the Scientific and Technological Project of Quanzhou(2022C008R)

Abstract

Abstract:

Blends of tannic acid （TA）/poly（vinyl alcohol）（PVA） are prepared by compression molding and the effect of different TA/PVA ratios on the flame retardant properties of the TA-PVA blends is studied. The flammability of TA-PVA blends is assessed using cone calorimetry， thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）， differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）， UL-94 tester and LOI tester. The addition of TA can improve the flame retardancy of PVA through hydrogen bonding between TA and PVA. The more the content of TA in the TA-PVA blends， the better the thermal stability of TA-PVA and the glass transition temperature of TA-PVA. When the ratio of n（TA）∶n（PVA）_{is 1∶50， the LOI value of TA-PVA is 31.6% and UL-94 grade reaches V-1 level， the peak heat release rate of TA-PVA decreases from 634.9 kW/m² to 328.1 kW/m² and smoke production rate decreases from 0.18 m²/s to 0.10 m²/s.}

Key words: Tannic acid, Poly（vinyl alcohol）, Flame retardancy

Yuan LIN, Jia-Lian CHEN, Hong-Zhou LI. Flame Retardant Properties of Tannic Acid/Poly（Vinyl Alcohol）[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2023, 40(1): 69-78.

Figures/Tables 14

References 22

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Judgment	UL-94 level
Judgment	V-0	V-1	V-2
Residual flame time of single sample（t₁ and t₂）	≤10 s	≤30 s	≤30 s
The total residual flame time of a set of specimens regulated in any state（t_f）	≤50 s	≤250 s	≤250 s
Residual flame plus Afterglow time of a single sample after the second flame application（t₂+t₃）	≤30 s	≤60 s	≤60 s
Whether residual flame and/or afterglow spread to fixture	No	No	No
Whether flame particles or droplets ignite cotton pads	No	No	Yes

Judgment	UL-94 level
Judgment	V-0	V-1	V-2
Residual flame time of single sample（t₁ and t₂）	≤10 s	≤30 s	≤30 s
The total residual flame time of a set of specimens regulated in any state（t_f）	≤50 s	≤250 s	≤250 s
Residual flame plus Afterglow time of a single sample after the second flame application（t₂+t₃）	≤30 s	≤60 s	≤60 s
Whether residual flame and/or afterglow spread to fixture	No	No	No
Whether flame particles or droplets ignite cotton pads	No	No	Yes

Sample	n（TA）∶n（PVA）（Feed）	S_A	S_B	n（TA）∶n（PVA）（measured）
TA-PVA-1	1∶92	1.00	5.50	1∶55
TA-PVA-2	1∶46	1.00	5.33	1∶53
TA-PVA-3	1∶23	1.00	5.14	1∶51
TA-PVA-4	1∶11.5	1.00	5.03	1∶50

Sample	n（TA）∶n（PVA）（Feed）	S_A	S_B	n（TA）∶n（PVA）（measured）
TA-PVA-1	1∶92	1.00	5.50	1∶55
TA-PVA-2	1∶46	1.00	5.33	1∶53
TA-PVA-3	1∶23	1.00	5.14	1∶51
TA-PVA-4	1∶11.5	1.00	5.03	1∶50

Sample	Maximum thermal mass loss temperature/℃	w（char residue）/% at 600 ℃
PVA	345.0	5.7
TA-PVA-1	334.9	17.9
TA-PVA-2	315.8	22.1
TA-PVA-3	315.8	22.9
TA-PVA-4	304.2	25.8

Flame Retardant Properties of Tannic Acid/Poly（Vinyl Alcohol）

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Figures/Tables 14

References 22

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Sample	T_g/℃	T_m/℃	T_c/℃
PVA	68.8	168.9	116.7
TA-PVA-1	40.4	153.8	-
TA-PVA-2	40.5	130.2	-
TA-PVA-3	42.1	130.3	-
TA-PVA-4	45.9	136.3	-

Sample	PVA	TA-PVA-1	TA-PVA-2	TA-PVA-3	TA-PVA-4
UL-94 Rank	No rating	No rating	No rating	No rating	V-1
UL-94 Dripping	Yes	No	No	No	No
LOI/%	19	24.8	31.2	31.4	31.6

Sample	TTI/s	Peak-HRR/（kW·m^-2）	THR/（MJ·m^-2）	SPR/（m²·s^-1）	MLR/（g·s^-1）	Mass retention/%
PVA	61	634.9	58.5	0.18	0.30	0.3
TA-PVA-1	59	600.2	40.5	0.15	0.33	1.3
TA-PVA-2	94	488.2	40.2	0.16	0.32	0.3
TA-PVA-3	96	424.1	42.5	0.11	0.27	3.7
TA-PVA-4	117	328.1	43.8	0.10	0.22	5.0

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