应用化学 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 914-929.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250160
单笛洋1, 王振华2, 唐志宇1, 王少华1, 祝乾1, 邵志宇3(
), 黄科科1(
), 冯守华1
收稿日期:2025-04-15
接受日期:2025-06-06
出版日期:2025-07-01
发布日期:2025-07-23
通讯作者:
邵志宇,黄科科
基金资助:
Di-Yang SHAN1, Zhen-Hua WANG2, Zhi-Yu TANG1, Shao-Hua WANG1, Qian ZHU1, Zhi-Yu SHAO3(
), Ke-Ke HUANG1(
), Shou-Hua FENG1
Received:2025-04-15
Accepted:2025-06-06
Published:2025-07-01
Online:2025-07-23
Contact:
Zhi-Yu SHAO,Ke-Ke HUANG
About author:kkhuang@jlu.edu.cnSupported by:摘要:
高熵合金(HEAs)因其独特的多元素组成和优异的物理化学性质,在能源存储和医学等领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。 其四大核心效应(高熵效应、晶格畸变效应、迟滞扩散效应和鸡尾酒效应)赋予了HEAs优异的性能。 (亚)纳米技术的应用进一步提升了HEAs的功能性,使其在电催化反应和医学等领域表现出显著的活性和稳定性。 然而,(亚)纳米级HEAs在实际应用中仍面临合成方法的优化、微观结构与性能关系的深入理解以及环境稳定性等挑战。 本综述报道了HEAs的发展历程,重点介绍了其结构组成、合成方法、表征技术以及在电催化等领域的应用进展。 最后,对HEAs面临的挑战和未来发展方向进行了展望,旨在为该领域的进一步研究提供参考。
中图分类号:
单笛洋, 王振华, 唐志宇, 王少华, 祝乾, 邵志宇, 黄科科, 冯守华. (亚)纳米高熵合金的应用及其研究进展[J]. 应用化学, 2025, 42(7): 914-929.
Di-Yang SHAN, Zhen-Hua WANG, Zhi-Yu TANG, Shao-Hua WANG, Qian ZHU, Zhi-Yu SHAO, Ke-Ke HUANG, Shou-Hua FENG. Applications and Research Progress of (Sub) Nanometer High-Entropy Alloys[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2025, 42(7): 914-929.
图2 评估的408种多主元素合金元素的使用频率。 垂直线与使用指示元素的合金数量成正比,这也由相关数字显示。 当元素用于少于10种合金时,不会给出编号。 Al、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni和Ti是迄今为止最常用的元素[37]
Fig.2 The frequency of use of 408 multiprimary alloy elements assessed. The vertical line is proportional to the number of alloys using the indicated element, which is also shown by the relevant numbers. When elements are used in fewer than 10 alloys, no number is given. Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Ti are by far the most commonly used elements[37]
图3 (A)碳载体上HEA-NPs的CTS合成; (B) 55 ms热冲击期间的样品制备和温度的时间演变; (C)由8种不同元素(Pt、Pd、Ni、Co、Fe、Au、Cu和Sn)组成的HEA-NP的元素图[43]; (D)用于合成HEA-NPs的FMBP实验装置示意图; (E)分别通过FMBP和FBP策略合成均相和相分离HEA-NPs的示意图[48]
Fig.3 (A) CTS synthesis of HEA-NPs on carbon carriers; (B) Sample preparation and time evolution of temperature during 55 ms thermal shock; (C) An element diagram of HEA-NP consisting of eight different elements (Pt, Pd, Ni, Co, Fe, Au, Cu and Sn)[43]; (D) Schematic diagram of FMBP experimental apparatus for synthesizing HEA-NPs; (E) The schematics of homogeneous and phase-separated HEA-NPs synthesized by FMBP and FBP strategies, respectively[48]
图4 (A)纳米液滴介导的电沉积示意图,对应于单个纳米液滴与碳纤维UME碰撞的电流瞬变,电压为-0.4 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)。 纳米液滴含量在100 ms内急速减少,促进了各种金属前驱体的无序共沉积; (B)纳米液滴碰撞过程; (C)通过高分辨率下缺乏结晶度和SAED图形上存在扩散环来证实非晶微观结构[50]; (D)在脉冲光纤激光器照射下在己烷中合成AuFeCoCuCr NPs的实验装置示意图; (E) AuFeCoCuCr NPs的合成。 左图: LSA过程中CNF表面发生的反应示意图。 右下: 形成HEA NP的反应过程,右上: 负载在CNF上的前驱体[53]
Fig.4 (A) Schematic illustration of nanodroplet mediated electrodeposition corresponding to the current transient of a single nanodroplet collision with a carbon fiber UME at a voltage of -0.4 V(vs.Ag/AgCl). The nanodroplet content decreased rapidly within 100 ms, which promoted the disordered co-deposition of various metal precursors; (B) Nanodroplet collision process; (C) The amorphous microstructure was confirmed by the lack of crystallinity at high resolution and the presence of diffusion rings on the SAED pattern[50]; (D) Schematic diagram of experimental setup for synthesis of AuFeCoCuCr NPs in hexane under pulsed fiber laser irradiation; (E) AuFeCoCuCr synthesis of NPs. Left: schematic diagram of the reaction on the CNF surface during the LSA process. Bottom right: reaction process to form HEA NP, top right: precursor loaded on CNF[53]
图5 (A-C)不同高熵合金的SEM-mapping图; (D)高倍HAADF-STEM图像附有原子分辨率元素图[60]; (E)显示L12 HEI元素分布和多组分性质的3D-APT图[61]
Fig.5 (A-C) SEM-mapping of different high entropy alloys; (D) High power HAADF-STEM images are accompanied by atomic resolution element diagrams[60]; (E) 3D-APT diagram showing the distribution and multi-component properties of L12 HEI elements[61]
图7 (A) PtPdRhRuCu/C的XRD图谱; (B) PtPdRhRuCu NPs的元素分布。 在1 mol/L中,PtPdRhRuCu/C、PtPdRhRu/C、PtPdRh/C、PtPd/C和Pt/C的HER极化曲线; (C)面积活度(归一化为电极几何表面积,在-0.07 V(vs.RHE)下)和质量活度(归一化为Pt质量)(D)和Tafel斜率(E); (F) PtPdRhRuCu/C和Pt/C在1 mol L中CV循环前后的HER极化曲线; (G)在1 mol/L中55 mV过电位下的PtPdRhRuCu/C和Pt/C的计时安培测试; (H) PtPdRhRuCu/C和Pt/C在不同过电位下的初始计时安培测试电流密度[64]
Fig.7 (A) XRD pattern of PtPdRhRuCu/C; (B) PtPdRhRuCu element distribution of NPs. HER polarization curves of PtPdRhRuCu/C, PtPdRhRu/C, PtPdRh/C, PtPd/C and Pt/C in 1 mol/L; (C) Area activity (normalized to electrode geometric surface area, at -0.07 V(vs.RHE)) and mass activity (normalized to Pt mass) (D) and Tafel slope (E); (F) HER polarization curves of PtPdRhRuCu/C and Pt/C before and after CV cycle in 1 mol/L; (G) Chronoamperometric tests of PtPdRhRuCu/C and Pt/C at 55 mV overpotential in 1 mol/L; (H) PtPdRhRuCu/C and Pt/C at different overpotentials for the initial timing amperage test current density[64]
图8 (A) HEAs合成过程示意图; (B) TEM图像和EDS化学成分图; (C)在Ar和O饱和电解质中测量的CV曲线; (D)不同电极的ORR极化曲线; (E)不同转速的LSV曲线[70]
Fig.8 (A) Diagram of high entropy alloy synthesis process; (B) TEM image and EDS chemical composition map; (C) CV curves measured in Ar and O which are 2 saturated electrolytes; (D) ORR polarization curves of different electrodes; (E) LSV curves at different speeds[70]
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