压裂液用黏弹性表面活性剂的合成及性能

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.200259

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以长链溴代烷烃和叔胺合成了十四烷基二甲基羟丙基溴化铵(C₁₄-2-1-1)、十六烷基二甲基羟丙基溴化铵(C₁₆-2-1-1)、十八烷基二甲基羟丙基溴化铵(C₁₈-2-1-1)阳离子表面活性剂。测定这3种阳离子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)值和表面张力,结合产率高低,选取C₁₈-2-1-1作为压裂液用黏弹性表面活性剂。黏弹性胶束溶液的助剂水杨酸钠(NaSal)与C₁₈-2-1-1配制成黏弹性表面活性剂(VES)压裂液,得出VES压裂液的最佳配方为2.5%(质量分数)C₁₈-2-1-1+1.0%(质量分数)NaSal,VES压裂液黏度最高可达489 mPa·s。性能研究表明:VES压裂液黏弹性良好,流性指数n'为0.23062,稠度系数K为19.49;在170 s^-1剪切速率下耐温耐剪切性能良好, 90.0 ℃时,VES压裂液黏度40 mPa·s,持续剪切1 h后体系黏度仍能保持在30 mPa·s;380~830 μm陶粒在VES压裂液中自由沉降速度为0.0516 cm/min,能够有效携带支撑剂;遇煤油后自动破胶,破胶后残渣含量低,对岩心基质渗透率的损害率仅为 4.19%,在开采油气资源领域有一定的价值。

关键词: 压裂液, 阳离子表面活性剂, 黏弹性

Abstract: Three cationic surfactants, tetradecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl ammonium bromide (C₁₄-2-1-1), cetyldimethyl hydroxypropyl ammonium bromide (C₁₆-2-1-1) and octadecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl ammonium bromide (C₁₈-2-1-1), were synthesized from long-chain brominated alkanes and tertiary amines. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) values and surface tensions of the three cationic surfactants were measured, and C₁₈-2-1-1 was selected as the viscoelastic surfactant for fracturing fluid. By configuring viscoelastic micellar solution of the additive sodium salicylate (NaSal) and C₁₈-2-1-1 as a viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fracturing fluid, we can draw a conclusion that the best formula of the fracturing fluid is 2.5% mass fraction of C₁₈-2-1-1+1.0% mass fraction of NaSal, and the viscosity can be up to 489 mPa·s in the VES fracturing fluid. The performance research shows that the VES fracturing fluid is viscoelastic, the liquidity index n' is 0.23062 and the consistency index K is 19.49. At the shear rate of 170 s^-1, the VES fracturing fluid owns good temperature resistance and shear resistance. When the temperature reaches 90.0 ℃, the viscosity of the VES fracturing fluid is 40 mPa·s. After 1 hour of continuous shear, the viscosity of the VES fracturing fluid can still remain 30 mPa·s. The free settling rate of 380～830 μm ceramsite in the formula fracturing fluid is 0.0516 cm/min, which can effectively carry proppant. It breaks up automatically when meeting kerosene and the residue content keeps low after it, which leaves a low damage rate of 4.19% to the permeability of the core matrix. It has a certain value in the field of oil and gas resources exploitation.

Key words: Fracturing fluid, Cationic surfactants, Viscoelasticity

中图分类号:

O632.6

马喜平, 穆红莉, 郭士贵. 压裂液用黏弹性表面活性剂的合成及性能[J]. 应用化学, 2021, 38(8): 923-932.

MA Xi-Ping, MU Hong-Li, GUO Shi-Gui. Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Viscoelastic Surfactant for Fracturing Fluid[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2021, 38(8): 923-932.

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