应用化学 ›› 2010, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (10): 1235-1237.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2010.90849

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑索今的新型合成路线

钱华1,2*,刘大斌1,2,叶志文1   

  1. (1.南京理工大学化工学院 南京 210094;2.国家民用爆破器材质量监督检验中心 南京 210094)
  • 收稿日期:2009-12-17 修回日期:2010-03-03 出版日期:2010-10-10 发布日期:2010-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 钱华,男,博士,讲师; E-mail:qianhua@mail.njust.edu.cn; 研究方向:有机合成,民爆器材

A New Synthetic Approach toward Hexogen

QIAN Hua1,2*, LIU Da-Bin1,2, YE Zhi-Wen1   

  1. (1.School of Chemical and Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094;
    2.National IEM Testing Laboratory,Nanjing 210094)
  • Received:2009-12-17 Revised:2010-03-03 Published:2010-10-10 Online:2010-10-10

摘要:

以乙腈/三聚甲醛为原料合成1,3,5-三乙酰基-均-三嗪(TRAT),再硝解制备黑索今(RDX)。 聚合反应中,当n(CH3CN)∶n(C3H6O3)=2∶1,n(H2SO4)∶n(C3H6O3)=1∶7.5,反应温度75 ℃,反应3 h时,TRAT的产率为95.2%。 硝解反应中,当n(N2O5)∶n(TRAT)=7∶1,n(HNO3)∶n(N2O5)=6∶1,反应温度45 ℃,反应1 h时,RDX的产率为87.2%。 RDX的全程产率为83.0%。 该工艺简单、易于控制,废酸污染小,有望应用于工业化生产。

关键词: 三乙酰基-均-三嗪, 黑索今, N2O5, 硝解, 炸药

Abstract:

Acetonitrile-trioxymethylene was chosen to replace acetamide-paraformaldehyde for the synthesis of the intermediate hexahydro-1,3,5-triacetyl-s-triazine(TRAT), which was then nitrated by dinitrogen pentroxide to form hexogen(RDX). Under optimized synthetic conditions, a 95.2% yield of TRAT could be attained when the molar ratio of 1,3,5-trioxane to acetonitrile was 1∶2, the molar ratio of H2SO4 to 1,3,5-trioxane was 1∶7.5, the reaction temperature was 75 ℃, the reaction time was 3 h, H2SO4 was chosen as catalyst and acetonitrile was used as both reactant and solvent. In the subsequent nitration process, carried at 45 ℃ for 1 h, a 87.2% yield of RDX could be achieved when the molar ratios of TRAT to N2O5 and N2O5 to HNO3 were 1∶7 and 1∶6, respectively. The overall yield of RDX was 83.0% for this new approach. This established method might be scaled up for industrial productions of RDX due to its simpleness in terms of post treatment and environmental benign.

Key words: hexahydrotriacetyl-s-triazine, hexogen, N2O5, nitrolysis, explosive

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