Research Progress of Volatile Sulfur Compounds Gas Sensing Materials for Oral Health

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250153

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 1307-1322.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250153

• Review •

Research Progress of Volatile Sulfur Compounds Gas Sensing Materials for Oral Health

Qi HAN¹, Lin WANG¹(), Lin XU²()

^1.School of Stomatology，Jilin University，Changchun 130021，China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics，JLU Region，College of Electronic Science and Engineering，Jilin University，Changchun 130012，China

Received:2025-06-18 Accepted:2025-08-20 Published:2025-10-01 Online:2025-10-29
Contact: Lin WANG,Lin XU
About author:linxu@jlu.edu.cn
wanglin1982@jlu.edu.cn
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82170998)

Abstract

Abstract:

Oral health not only significantly affects the individual life quality， but also profoundly influences the development and progression of systemic diseases. Volatile sulfur compounds （VSCs） in exhaled gas including hydrogen sulfide， methyl mercaptan， and dimethyl sulfide， serve as critical metabolic indicators for various oral diseases and possess significant clinical monitoring value. Gas sensing technology provides an innovative method for facilitating non-invasive and real-time monitoring of oral health， attributed to its sensitivity， portability， and ease of integration. Considering the low concentrations， high volatility， and substantial humidity interference of VSCs， research into corresponding gas sensing materials and devices has advanced significantly in recent years. Concentrating on the detection of VSCs in the oral cavity， this research reviews recent advancements in typical gas sensing materials and analyzes the correlation between their structural characteristics and performance responses. Additionally， this review integrates several flexible miniature sensor devices preliminary applications to assess their response characteristics and developmental potential in complex oral environments， aiming to inform the material design and device integration for oral health-related VSCs gas sensors.

Key words: Volatile sulfur compounds, Gas sensing materials, Oral health monitoring, Sensor devices

CLC Number:

O659

Qi HAN, Lin WANG, Lin XU. Research Progress of Volatile Sulfur Compounds Gas Sensing Materials for Oral Health[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2025, 42(10): 1307-1322.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1 MOS：（A） Mechanism of sensor response to n-type MOS with reducing gas［45］；（B） Schematic diagram of in-situ oxidation and crystal cell shrinkage［49］；（C） Response value of MoO3 MPNFs to 1 mg/L H2S gas under different humidity［49］；（D） Preparation process of In2O3@MoS2-2 heterostructure［52］；（E） SAM mechanisms for the enhanced sensing performance of Au/In2O3［53］

Fig.2 Evolution of MOFs-based gas sensors［58］

Fig.3 MOFs：（A） Schematic of raw ZnO and ZIF-8/ZnO nanorod sensors［63］；（B） Response curves of both sensors to H2S at 25 ℃ （1~10 mg/L）［63］；（C） Synthetic process of Co3O4/β-CoMoO4 hollow nanocages and framework structure of ZIF-67［64］；（D） Response curve of the sensor to H2S （0.01~20 mg/L）［64］；（E） Instantaneous resistance change of the sensor upon exposure to 10 mg/L H2S ［64］

Fig.4 Carbon nanomaterials：（A） Structures of graphene single layer and stacked bilayer［67］；（B） Structure of rGO［71］；（C） Structures of SWCNTs and MWCNTs［74］；（D） Preparation strategies of CQDs by bottom-up and top-down methods［77］

Fig.5 Novel functional materials：（A） Schematic demonstrating Mo2Ga2C MAX and MXene structures［81］；（B） Schematics of gas sensing mechanism of MoS2 and MoSe2 based NO2 gas sensor［92］；（C） The topology and growth of the COFs［98］；（D） Crystal structure diagram of 3D mesh perovskite structure［101］

Fig. 6 Integration and application of sensor devices for the detection of VSCs：（A） Functional module of the Ni3（HITP）2/NUS-8 sensor［60］；（B） Optical photo of the flexible device［60］；（C） Optical photos of patterns printed［60］；（D） Schematic illustration of the flexible PP/G/PANI hybrid sensor preparation process［70］；（E） Detection of H2S in exhaled breath by the PP/G/PANI sensor［70］；（F） Schematic illustration of the preparation of FMTNA and illustration of chip application on a mask as a wearable device for periodontitis diagnosis［108］；（G） PVA/Bn/Pb composite hydrogel sensor integrated with a cloud-based device for breath detection［110］

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Research Progress of Volatile Sulfur Compounds Gas Sensing Materials for Oral Health

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