碳点的性质及其在化学发光分析中的研究进展

doi:10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2016.06.150411

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳点是一种新型的荧光碳纳米颗粒,与传统的半导体量子点相比,碳点具有毒性低、生物相容性好、原料丰富廉价、光稳定性好等特点,得到引了化学、材料和生物等各领域科学家的高度关注。本文介绍了碳点的基本概念和性质、探讨了碳点在化学发光领域的应用研究进展并进行了展望。

关键词: 碳点, 化学发光, 研究进展

Abstract:

Carbon dots are a kind of novel carbon nanoparticles and have attracted intense attention due to the unique fluorescence properties, low toxicity, good biocompatibility and low cost compared with traditional semiconductor quantum dot fluorescent probes. In this review we overview the properties of carbon dots and their researching progress in chemiluminescence analysis. The application perspective is also presented.

Key words: carbon dots, chemiluminescence, research progress

郭颖,李午戊,刘洋. 碳点的性质及其在化学发光分析中的研究进展[J]. 应用化学, 2016, 33(6): 624-632.

GUO Ying,LI Wuwu,LIU Yang. Carbon Dots and Their Research Progress in Chemiluminescence Analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2016, 33(6): 624-632.

参考文献

[1]	Xu X,Ray R,Gu Y,et al.Electrophoretic Analysis and Purification of Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Fragments[J]. J Am Chem Soc,2004,126(40):12736-12737.
[2]	Sun Y P,Zhou B,Lin Y,et al.Quantum-Sized Carbon Dots for Bright and Colorful Photoluminescence[J]. J Am Chem Soc,2006,128(24):7756-7757.
[3]	WANG Li,LYU Ting,RUAN Fengping,et al.Synthesis of Photoluminescent Carbon Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method[J]. Chinese J Lumin,2014,35(6):706-709(in Chinese). 王莉,吕婷,阮枫萍,等. 水热法制备的荧光碳量子点[J]. 发光学报,2014,35(6):706-709.
[4]	QU Songnan,LIU Xingyuan,SHEN Dezhen. Studies on Nitrogen-dopped Carbon Nanodots[J]. Chinese J Lumin,2014,35(9):1019-1026(in Chinese). 曲松楠,刘星元,申德振. 氮掺杂发光碳纳米点的研究探索[J]. 发光学报,2014,35(9):1019-1026.
[5]	YAN Fanyong,ZOU Yu,WANG Meng,et al.Synthesis and Application of the Fluorescent Carbon Dots[J]. Prog Chem,2014,26(1):61-74(in Chinese). 颜范勇,邹宇,王猛,等. 荧光碳点的制备及应用[J]. 化学进展,2014,26(1):61-74.
[6]	ZHANG Xiao,ZHANG Wenjun,ZHANG Zuxing,et al.One Step Preparation of N-doped Carbon Dots with High Fluorescence Yield for Selective Detection of Mercury(Ⅱ) Ion[J]. Chinese J Inorg Chem,2015,31(1):1-6(in Chinese). 张筱,张文君,张祖星,等. 掺氮高荧光碳点的一步法制备及对痕量Hg(Ⅱ)离子的选择性检测[J]. 无机化学学报,2015,31(1):1-6.
[7]	REN Xianyan,LIU Lihua,LI Yu. Preparation and Properties of Carbon Quantum Dots-photoluminescence Materials with Magnetic Resonance Response[J]. Chinese J Lumin,2015,36(8):861-867(in Chinese). 任先艳,刘丽华,李瑜. 兼具磁共振响应的碳量子点光致发光材料的构筑和性能[J]. 发光学报,2015,36(8):861-867.
[8]	DENG Shuai,LI Yushan,DUAN Yanfang,et al.Flourescent Imaging and Toxicology Study of Carbon Dots in Transparent Zebrafishes[J]. Chinese J Lumin,2015,36(4):485-490(in Chinese). 邓帅,李雨珊,段延芳,等. 荧光碳点在脊椎类模式动物斑马鱼中的活体成像与毒理学研究[J]. 发光学报,2015,36(4):485-490.
[9]	Pan D,Guo L,Zhang J,et al.Cutting sp2 Clusters in Graphene Sheets into Colloidal Graphene Quantum Dots with Strong Green Fluorescence[J]. J Mater Chem,2012,22(8):3314-3318.
[10]	Sun D,Ban R,Zhang P H,et al.Hair Fiber as a Precursor for Synthesizing of Sulfur- and Nitrogen-co-doped Carbon Dots with Tunable Luminescence Properties[J]. Carbon,2013,64:424-434.
[11]	Deng H,Ren Y,Shen W,et al.An Ultrasensitive Homogeneous Chemiluminescent Assay for MicroRNAs[J]. Chem Commun,2013,49(82):9401-9403.
[12]	Li B,Zhang Z,Jin Y. Plant Tissue-based Chemiluminescence Flow Biosensor for Glycolic Acid[J]. Anal Chem,2001,73(6):1203-1206.
[13]	Li B,Deng Q,Guo L,et al.Secondary Chemiluminescence Emission of the Luminol-ferricyanide System Induced by Reducing Agents[J]. Microchim Acta,2008,162(1):189-198.
[14]	Jiang H,Ju H. Electrochemiluminescence Sensors for Scavengers of Hydroxyl Radical Based on Its Annihilation in CdSe Quantum Dots Film/Peroxide System[J]. Anal Chem,2007,79(17):6690-6696.
[15]	Wang Y,Lu J,Tang L,et al.Graphene Oxide Amplified Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Quantum Dots and Its Selective Sensing for Glutathione from Thiol-containing Compounds[J]. Anal Chem,2009,81(23):9710-9715.
[16]	Eda G,Lin Y Y,Mattevi C,et al.Blue Photoluminescence from Chemically Derived Graphene Oxide[J]. Adv Mater,2010,22(4):505-509.
[17]	Zhang X T,Ananthanarayanan A,Luo K Q,et al.Glowing Graphene Quantum Dots and Carbon Dots:Properties, Syntheses, and Biological Applications[J]. Small,2015,11(14):1620-1636.
[18]	Bhunia S K,Pradhan N,Jana N R. Vitamin B1 Derived Blue and Green Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles for Cell-Imaging Application[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2014,6(10):7672-7679.
[19]	Xu Z Q,Yang L Y,Fan X Y,et al.Low Temperature Synthesis of Highly Stable Phosphate Functionalized Two Color Carbon Nanodots and Their Application in Cell Imaging[J]. Carbon,2014,66:351-360.
[20]	Fan R J,Sun Q,Zhang L,et al.Photoluminescent Carbon Dots Directly Derived from Polyethylene Glycol and Their Application for Cellular Imaging[J]. Carbon,2014,71:87-93.
[21]	Zhou J,Yang Y,Zhang C H. A Low-temperature Solid-phase Method to Synthesize Highly Fluorescent Carbon Nitride Dots with Tunable Emission[J]. Chem Commun,2013,49(77):8605-8607.
[22]	Liu Y,Wu P. Graphene Quantum Dot Hybrids as Efficient Metal-free Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2013,5(8):3362-3369.
[23]	Baker S N,Baker G A. Luminescent Carbon Nanodots:Emergent Nanolights[J]. Angew Chem Int Ed,2010,49(38):6726-6744.
[24]	Liu C,Zhang P,Zhai X,et al.Nano-carrier for Gene Delivery and Bioimaging Based on Carbon Dots with PEI-passivation Enhanced Fluorescence[J]. Biomaterials,2012,33:3604-3613.
[25]	Zhang B,Liu C Y,Liu Y. A Novel One-step Approach to Synthesize Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles[J]. Eur J Inorg Chem,2010,2010(28):4411-4414.
[26]	Yang Z C,Li X,Wang J. Intrinsically Fluorescent Nitrogen-containing Carbon Nanoparticles Synthesized by a Hydrothermal Process[J]. Carbon,2011,49(15):5207-5212.
[27]	Li H,He X,Liu Y,et al.One-step Ultrasonic Synthesis of Water-soluble Carbon Nanoparticles with Excellent Photoluminescent Properties[J]. Carbon,2011,49(2):605-609.
[28]	Guo Y,Li B. Carbon Dots-initiated Luminol Chemiluminescence in the Absence of Added Oxidant[J]. Carbon,2015,82:459-469.
[29]	Ma Z,Ming H,Huang H,et al.One-step Ultrasonic Synthesis of Fluorescent N-doped Carbon Dots from Glucose and Their Visible-light Sensitive Photocatalytic Ability[J]. New J Chem,2012,36(4):861-864.
[30]	Zhuo S,Shao M,Lee S T. Upconversion and Downconversion Fluorescent Graphene Quantum Dots:Ultrasonic Preparation and Photocatalysis[J]. ACS Nano,2012,6(2):1059-1064.
[31]	Zhu S,Zhang J,Liu X,et al.Graphene Quantum Dots with Controllable Surface Oxidation, Tunable Fluorescence and Up-conversion Emission[J]. RSC Adv,2012,2(7):2717-2220.
[32]	Cao L,Wang X,Meziani M J,et al.Carbon Dots for Multiphoton Biomaging[J]. J Am Chem Soc,2007,129(37):11318-11319.
[33]	Miao W. Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence and Its Biorelated Applications[J]. Chem Rev,2008,108(108):2506-2553.
[34]	Yin X B,Dong S J,Wang E K. Analytical Applications of the Electrochemiluminescence of Tris (2,2'-bipyridyl) Ruthenium and Its Derivatives[J]. Trends Anal Chem,2004,23(4):432-441.
[35]	Weller A,Zachariasse K. Chemiluminescence from Radical Ion Recombination-experimental Evidence for Triplet-triplet Annihilation Mechanism[J]. Chem Phys Lett,1971,10(2):197-200.
[36]	Dong Y,Zhou N,Lin X,et al.Extraction of Electrochemiluminescent Oxidized Carbon Quantum Dots from Activated Carbon[J]. Chem Mater,2010,22(21):5895-5899.
[37]	Long Y M,Bao L,Zhao J Y,et al. Revealing Carbon Nanodots as Coreactants of the Anodic Electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+[J]. Anal Chem, 2014, 86(15):7224-7228.
[38]	Li J,Wang N,Tran T,et al.Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Detection of Trace Level Pentachlorophenol Using Carbon Quantum Dots[J]. Analyst,2013,138(7):2038-2043.
[39]	Dong Y,Chen C,Lin J,et al.Electrochemiluminescence Emission from Carbon Quantum Dot-sulfite Coreactant System[J]. Carbon,2013,56:12-17.
[40]	Lin Z,Xue W,Chen H,et al.Classical Oxidant Induced Chemiluminescence of Fluorescent Carbon Dots[J]. Chem Commun,2012,48(7):1051-1053.
[41]	Xue W,Lin Z,Chen H,et al.Enhancement of Ultraweak Chemiluminescence from Reaction of Hydrogen Peroxide and Bisulfite by Water-soluble Carbon Nanodots[J]. J Phys Chem C,2011,115(44):21707-21714.
[42]	Chen H,Li R,Lin L,et al.Determination of L-ascorbic Acid in Human Serum by Chemiluminescence Based on Hydrogen Peroxide-sodium Hydrogen Carbonate-Cdse/CdS Quantum Dots System[J]. Talanta,2010,81(4/5):1688-1696.
[43]	Liu X,Guo L,Cheng H. Determination of Nitrite Based on Its Quenehing Effect on Anodic Electrochemiluminescence of Cdse Quantum Dots[J]. Talanta,2009,78(3):691-694.
[44]	Wang Z,Li J,Liu B,et al.Chemilumineseence of CdTe Nanocrystals Induced by Direct Chemical Oxidation and Its Size-dependent and Surfactant-sensitized Effect[J]. J Phys Chem B,2005,109(49):23304-23311.
[45]	Li X,Li J,Tang J,et al.Study of Influence of Metal Ions on CdTe/H2O2 Chemiluminescence[J]. J Lumin,2008,128(128):1229-1234.
[46]	Shi W,Wang Q,Long Y,et al.Carbon Nanodots as Peroxidase Mimetics and Their Applications to Glucose Detection[J]. Chem Commun,2011,47(23):6695-6697.
[47]	GUO Ying,LI Wuwu,ZHENG Minyan,et al.Facile Preparation of Graphene Dots Functionalized Au Nanoparticles and Their Application as Peroxidase Mimetics in Glucose Detection[J]. Acta Chim Sin,2014,72(6):713-719(in Chinese). 郭颖,李午戊,郑敏燕,等. 石墨烯量子点功能化金纳米粒子的制备及作为过氧化物模拟酶用于葡萄糖检测[J]. 化学学报,2014,72(6):713-719.
[48]	Li Q,Zhang L,Li J,et al.Nanomaterial-amplified Chemiluminescence Systems and Their Applications in Bioassays[J]. Trends Anal Chem,2011,30(2):401-413.
[49]	Amjadi M,Hassanzadeh J,Manzoori J. Determination of Cyanide Using a Chemiluminescence System Composed of Permanganate, Rhodamine B, and Gold Nanoparticles[J]. Microchim Acta,2014,181(15/16):1851-1856.
[50]	Lori L,Nieman A. Use of Surfactants to Improve Analytical Performance of Lucigenin Chemiluminescence[J]. Anal Chem,1984,56(8):1539-1542.
[51]	Lin Z,Xue W,Chen H,et al.Peroxynitrous-acid-induced Chemiluminescence of Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Nitrite Sensing[J]. Anal Chem,2011,83(21):8245-8251.
[52]	Jiang J,He Y,Li S,et al.Amino Acids as the Source for Producing Carbon Nanodots:Microwave Assisted One-step Synthesis, Intrinsic Photoluminescence Property and Intense Chemiluminescence Enhancement[J]. Chem Commun,2012,48(77):9634-9636.
[53]	Tang Y,Su Y,Yang N,et al.Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots:A Novel Chemiluminescence System for Selective Detection of Free Chlorine in Water[J]. Anal Chem,2014,86(9):4528-4535.
[54]	Dou X,Lin Z,Chen H,et al.Production of Superoxide Anion Radicals as Evidence for Carbon Nanodots Acting as Electron Donors by the Chemiluminescence Method[J]. Chem Commun,2013,49(52):5871-5873.
[55]	Zhao L,Di F,Wang D,et al.Chemiluminescence of Carbon Dots Under Strong Alkaline Solutions:A Novel Insight into Carbon Dot Optical Properties[J]. Nanoscale,2013,5(7):2655-2658.
[56]	Shi J,Lu C,Yan D,et al.High Selectivity Sensing of Cobalt in HepG2 Cells Based on Necklace Model Microenvironment-modulated Carbon Dot-improved Chemiluminescence in Fenton-like System[J]. Biosens Bioelectron,2013,45(45C):58-64.
[57]	Wang Y,Wang S,Ge S,et al.Facile and Sensitive Paper-based Chemiluminescence DNA Biosensor Using Carbon Dots Dotted Nanoporous Gold Signal Amplification Label[J]. Anal Methods,2013,5(5):1328-1336.
[58]	Amjadi M,Manzoori J,Hallaj T,et al.Direct Chemiluminescence of Carbon Dots Induced by Potassium Ferricyanide and Its Analytical Application[J]. Spectrochim Acta Part A,2014,122(6):715-720.
[59]	Zhou Y,Xing G,Chen H,et al.Carbon Nanodots Sensitized Chemiluminescence on Peroxomonosulfate-sulfite-hydrochloric Acid System and Its Analytical Applications[J]. Talanta,2012,99(99):471-477.
[60]	Wang D M,Gao M X,Gao P F,et al.Carbon Nanodots-catalyzed Chemiluminescence of Luminol:A Singlet Oxygen-induced Mechanism[J]. J Phys Chem C,2013,117(37):19219-19225.
[61]	Teng P,Xie J,Long Y,et al.Chemiluminescence Behavior of the Carbon Dots and the Reduced State Carbon Dots[J]. J Lumin,2013,146(1):464-469.