二烯丙基甲基烷基溴化铵的结构与性质的关系

doi:10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2015.03.140227

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对4种二烯丙基甲基烷基(n=12,14,16,18)溴化铵(标记为C12,C14,C16,C18)的性质与性能进行了研究。通过测定其热稳定性、表面活性和絮凝性能,考察产物结构对其性质与性能的影响规律。结果表明,季铵盐C12~C18的主要分解温度分别为170~300 ℃、172~303 ℃、170~293 ℃和170~310 ℃,对应失重率分别为92.8%、92.6%、96.4%和87.4%;临界胶束浓度(cmc)和临界胶束浓度下的表面张力(γ_cmc)分别为5.2、3.5、1.4、1.1 mmol/L和26.6、25.2、33.8、35.8 mN/m,显示出较高的表面活性;季铵盐C16的发泡与稳泡性能最好,C12的Krafft点<0 ℃,C14、C16和C18的Krafft点分别为1、8和19 ℃; C12和C14分别对膨润土和高岭土的絮凝能力最强,表明单体的絮凝性能具有结构选择性。

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关键词: 二烯丙基甲基烷基溴化铵, 季铵盐, 结构与性质, 热稳定性, 表面活性, 絮凝能力

Abstract:

The properties and performances of four kinds of quaternary ammonium salt monomers were researched. The relationships between structures and properties or performances for the four kinds of diallylmethylalkyl(n=12,14,16,18) ammonium bromides(marked C12,C14,C16,C18) were discussed on the basis of the determination of the thermal stability, surfactivity and flocculation ability. Quaternary ammonium salts C12~C18 decompose within 170~300 ℃,172~303 ℃,170~293 ℃ and 170~310 ℃, their mass loss rates are 92.8%, 92.6%, 96.4% and 87.4%, respectively. Their critical micelle concentration(cmc) and the corresponding surface tension(γ_cmc) are 2.0, 3.5, 1.4, 1.1 mmol/L and 26.6, 25.2, 33.8, 35.8 mN/m, respectively. All monomers show excellent surfactivity. The quaternary ammonium salt C16 possesses the best foaming power and foam stability. C12 Krafft point is <0 ℃. Krafft points of C14, C16 and C18 are 1 ℃, 8 ℃ and 19 ℃, respectively. The C12 and C14 appear the strongest flocculation ability to bentonite and kaolin suspansion, indicating that the flocculation performance of monomers are of certain selectivity to structures.

Key words: diallylmethylalkylammonium bromides, quaternary salts, structures and properties, thermal stability, surfactivity, flocculation ability

中图分类号:

陶贤平, 张跃军, 李侠, 贾旭. 二烯丙基甲基烷基溴化铵的结构与性质的关系[J]. 应用化学, 2015, 32(3): 342-349.

TAO Xianping, ZHANG Yuejun, LI Xia, JIA Xu. Relationships Between Structures and Properties of Diallylmethylalkylammonium Bromide[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2015, 32(3): 342-349.

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